NURS 3304: Exam #1 Questions With Complete Solutions
Herbs and Drug Interactions: Ginkgo biloba
-Antiplatelet effects (can decrease significant bleeds)
-Aspirin, warfarin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, dipyridamole
Herbs and Drug Interactions: Ginseng
-Increased INR
-Warfarin
Herbs and Drug Interactions: Kava
-Additive CNS depression
-Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antipsychotics, alcohol
Herbs and Drug Interactions: Garlic
-Antiplatelet effects
-Aspirin, warfarin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, dipyriamole
Herbs and Drug Interactions: Ginger
-Potent inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase
-Warfarin
Herbs and Drug Interactions: St. John's Wort
-MAOI? phenelzine, pseudoephedrine, ephedra
-SSRI? Fluoxetine, paroxetine
Functions of the urinary system
-Maintenance of body fluids
-Maintenance of electrolyte balance
,-Excretion: metabolic waste, excess electrolytes, excess water,
drugs
Glomerular filtration
-arterial pressure forces blood across glomerulus (not paying
attention to the San, its plucking out the diamonds)
-blood flow to kidneys 1200 ml/min (25% of CO)
-filtration sustained at mean BP>50 mmHg
-role of afforestation/efferent arterioles
Major processes of the urinary system?
-glomerular filtration
-tubular reabsorption
-tubular secretion
Role of afferent arterioles
Arrives at the glomerulus
Role of efferent arterioles
Exits the glomerulus
Glomerular filtration metaphor
Not paying attention to the sand, its plucking out the diamonds!
-Diamonds —> blood stream
-Sand —> tubular system
Tubular reabsorption
Tubules —> bloodstream
Tubular secretion
Blood —> tubular system
,Water follows
-electrolytes
-protein
-glucose
Proximal tubule
-60-70% sodium/water reabsorbed (where the most of the
sodium/water is reabsorbed)
Descending Loop of Henle
-Very low sodium permeability
Ascending Loop of Henle
-High sodium permeability
-20-25% sodium reabsorbed
Distal tubule
-5-10% sodium/water reabsorbed
-Depends on aldosterone
Aldosterone & ADH
Hormones that hang on to water!
Collecting duct
Water reabsorbed if ADH present
Conditions causing fluid overload/pt's who will be put on
diuretics
-Heart failure
-Liver disease (cirrhosis)
, -Kidney disease
-Hyperaldosteronism
-Corticosteroid therapy
Diuretics
-A drug that increases the rate of urine production (get rid of a
fluid from the body)
-Used to reduce extracellular fluid volume
-Most work by blocking the reabsorption of Na+ (remember that
water follows sodium)
-Traps water by trapping electrolytes in the tubular system
Categories of Diuretics
-Thiazides-Type Diuretics
-Loop Diuretics
-Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
-Aldosterone Antagonists
-Osmotic Diuretics
-Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Thiazides-Type Diuretics Medications
-Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) *most commonly used in the
US!
-Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
-Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
-Metaolazone (Zaroxolyn)
-Indapamide (Lozol)
Thiazide-Type Diuretics
Herbs and Drug Interactions: Ginkgo biloba
-Antiplatelet effects (can decrease significant bleeds)
-Aspirin, warfarin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, dipyridamole
Herbs and Drug Interactions: Ginseng
-Increased INR
-Warfarin
Herbs and Drug Interactions: Kava
-Additive CNS depression
-Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antipsychotics, alcohol
Herbs and Drug Interactions: Garlic
-Antiplatelet effects
-Aspirin, warfarin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, dipyriamole
Herbs and Drug Interactions: Ginger
-Potent inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase
-Warfarin
Herbs and Drug Interactions: St. John's Wort
-MAOI? phenelzine, pseudoephedrine, ephedra
-SSRI? Fluoxetine, paroxetine
Functions of the urinary system
-Maintenance of body fluids
-Maintenance of electrolyte balance
,-Excretion: metabolic waste, excess electrolytes, excess water,
drugs
Glomerular filtration
-arterial pressure forces blood across glomerulus (not paying
attention to the San, its plucking out the diamonds)
-blood flow to kidneys 1200 ml/min (25% of CO)
-filtration sustained at mean BP>50 mmHg
-role of afforestation/efferent arterioles
Major processes of the urinary system?
-glomerular filtration
-tubular reabsorption
-tubular secretion
Role of afferent arterioles
Arrives at the glomerulus
Role of efferent arterioles
Exits the glomerulus
Glomerular filtration metaphor
Not paying attention to the sand, its plucking out the diamonds!
-Diamonds —> blood stream
-Sand —> tubular system
Tubular reabsorption
Tubules —> bloodstream
Tubular secretion
Blood —> tubular system
,Water follows
-electrolytes
-protein
-glucose
Proximal tubule
-60-70% sodium/water reabsorbed (where the most of the
sodium/water is reabsorbed)
Descending Loop of Henle
-Very low sodium permeability
Ascending Loop of Henle
-High sodium permeability
-20-25% sodium reabsorbed
Distal tubule
-5-10% sodium/water reabsorbed
-Depends on aldosterone
Aldosterone & ADH
Hormones that hang on to water!
Collecting duct
Water reabsorbed if ADH present
Conditions causing fluid overload/pt's who will be put on
diuretics
-Heart failure
-Liver disease (cirrhosis)
, -Kidney disease
-Hyperaldosteronism
-Corticosteroid therapy
Diuretics
-A drug that increases the rate of urine production (get rid of a
fluid from the body)
-Used to reduce extracellular fluid volume
-Most work by blocking the reabsorption of Na+ (remember that
water follows sodium)
-Traps water by trapping electrolytes in the tubular system
Categories of Diuretics
-Thiazides-Type Diuretics
-Loop Diuretics
-Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
-Aldosterone Antagonists
-Osmotic Diuretics
-Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Thiazides-Type Diuretics Medications
-Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) *most commonly used in the
US!
-Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
-Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
-Metaolazone (Zaroxolyn)
-Indapamide (Lozol)
Thiazide-Type Diuretics
