NUSC 1165 Exam 3 2026/2027 Updated With
Complete Solution
Function of lipids - ANSWER adipose tissue, brain and nervous system, cell
membrane
adipose tissue - ANSWER -fat storage
-located under skin and around internal organs
-aids in body shape definition
-cushion protects internal organs against shock
-insulates body
structure of lipids in brain and nervous system - ANSWER insulating coating around
nerves
hormones made from cholesterol - ANSWER cortisol, estrogen, testosterone
essential fatty acid synthesis for omega 3 - ANSWER 1. essential fatty acids are
consumed from the diet
- linoleum acid (18 carbon) from flaxseed, walnuts, soy
2. essential fatty acid synthesis
-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20 Carbons) from fish oils or docosahexaeonic acid
(DHA 22 carbons) from fish oils
3. eicosanoid production or synthesis
- decrease inflammation, blood clotting, blood pressure
,essential fatty acid synthesis for omega 6 - ANSWER 1. essential fatty acids are
consumed from the diet
- linoleum acid from vegetable oils or meat
2. arachidonic acid from meat and eggs
3. decrease inflammation, blood clotting, blood pressure
functions of essential fats and omega 3 fats - ANSWER regulators of glucose and
fatty acid metabolism
symptoms of fatty acid deficiency - ANSWER dry skin, dry eyes, constantly feeling
cold, hormonal issues, vitamin deficiencies
Eicosanoid synthesis - ANSWER role in regulating blood clotting, blood pressure,
and immune function. ex: prostaglandins
beta oxidation - ANSWER - the first step in the production of ATP from fatty acids
-fatty acid carbon chain is broken into two carbon units that form acetyl CoA
-high energy electrons are released and passed to the electron transport chain
fatty acid metabolism - ANSWER -the acetyl CoA generated from beta oxidation can
proceed into citric acid cycle
-carbon dioxide, electrons, ATP produced
-glycerol is generated from beta oxidation and can be used to produce ATP or
generate glucose through gluconeogenesis
fasting - ANSWER using energy from stores
-lipase is specific to breaking down stored triglycerides into fatty acids during the
fasting state
-chylomicron and VLDL- lipoprotein lipase-fatty acids-triglycerides/adipose
, tissue-hormone sensitive lipase
feasting - ANSWER storing excess energy
-lipoprotein lipase breaks down the triglycerides from the chylomicron and VLDL
into glycerol and fatty acids
-chylomicron and VLDL-lipoprotein lipase-fatty acids-triglycerides/adipose
tissue/hormone sensitive lipase
cardiovascular disease - ANSWER -affects heart and blood vessels
-over 80 million people in US
-leading cause of males and females in the US
-diet and lifestyle contribute to risk
diet and lifestyle characteristics that contribute to cardiovascular disease risk -
ANSWER high saturated and trans fat diets
diet and lifestyle characteristics that lead to decreased risk of cardiovascular disease
- ANSWER omega 3 fatty acid consumption and Mediterranean diet
essential fatty acid deficiency - ANSWER occurs mostly in infants, rare
atherosclerosis - ANSWER condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up
on the inner walls of the arteries
atherosclerosis development - ANSWER 1. health epithelial cells surrounded by
smooth muscle
2. penetration of LDL particles into the artery wall (oxidized)- accumulation of WBC
that become macrophages
3. macrophages and foam cells secrete growth facts and chemicals, causing plaque
growth
Complete Solution
Function of lipids - ANSWER adipose tissue, brain and nervous system, cell
membrane
adipose tissue - ANSWER -fat storage
-located under skin and around internal organs
-aids in body shape definition
-cushion protects internal organs against shock
-insulates body
structure of lipids in brain and nervous system - ANSWER insulating coating around
nerves
hormones made from cholesterol - ANSWER cortisol, estrogen, testosterone
essential fatty acid synthesis for omega 3 - ANSWER 1. essential fatty acids are
consumed from the diet
- linoleum acid (18 carbon) from flaxseed, walnuts, soy
2. essential fatty acid synthesis
-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20 Carbons) from fish oils or docosahexaeonic acid
(DHA 22 carbons) from fish oils
3. eicosanoid production or synthesis
- decrease inflammation, blood clotting, blood pressure
,essential fatty acid synthesis for omega 6 - ANSWER 1. essential fatty acids are
consumed from the diet
- linoleum acid from vegetable oils or meat
2. arachidonic acid from meat and eggs
3. decrease inflammation, blood clotting, blood pressure
functions of essential fats and omega 3 fats - ANSWER regulators of glucose and
fatty acid metabolism
symptoms of fatty acid deficiency - ANSWER dry skin, dry eyes, constantly feeling
cold, hormonal issues, vitamin deficiencies
Eicosanoid synthesis - ANSWER role in regulating blood clotting, blood pressure,
and immune function. ex: prostaglandins
beta oxidation - ANSWER - the first step in the production of ATP from fatty acids
-fatty acid carbon chain is broken into two carbon units that form acetyl CoA
-high energy electrons are released and passed to the electron transport chain
fatty acid metabolism - ANSWER -the acetyl CoA generated from beta oxidation can
proceed into citric acid cycle
-carbon dioxide, electrons, ATP produced
-glycerol is generated from beta oxidation and can be used to produce ATP or
generate glucose through gluconeogenesis
fasting - ANSWER using energy from stores
-lipase is specific to breaking down stored triglycerides into fatty acids during the
fasting state
-chylomicron and VLDL- lipoprotein lipase-fatty acids-triglycerides/adipose
, tissue-hormone sensitive lipase
feasting - ANSWER storing excess energy
-lipoprotein lipase breaks down the triglycerides from the chylomicron and VLDL
into glycerol and fatty acids
-chylomicron and VLDL-lipoprotein lipase-fatty acids-triglycerides/adipose
tissue/hormone sensitive lipase
cardiovascular disease - ANSWER -affects heart and blood vessels
-over 80 million people in US
-leading cause of males and females in the US
-diet and lifestyle contribute to risk
diet and lifestyle characteristics that contribute to cardiovascular disease risk -
ANSWER high saturated and trans fat diets
diet and lifestyle characteristics that lead to decreased risk of cardiovascular disease
- ANSWER omega 3 fatty acid consumption and Mediterranean diet
essential fatty acid deficiency - ANSWER occurs mostly in infants, rare
atherosclerosis - ANSWER condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up
on the inner walls of the arteries
atherosclerosis development - ANSWER 1. health epithelial cells surrounded by
smooth muscle
2. penetration of LDL particles into the artery wall (oxidized)- accumulation of WBC
that become macrophages
3. macrophages and foam cells secrete growth facts and chemicals, causing plaque
growth
