NUSC 1165--Exam 2 2026/2027 Updated With Correct
Answers Graded A+
Mucus - ANSWER Secreted from mucosal cells lining the digestive tract. It moistens,
lubricates and protects
Hormones - ANSWER chemicals secreted from cells which travel through the
bloodstream to signal cells in another part of the body
enzymes - ANSWER type of protein that speed up reactions and in the digestive
tract they help to breakdown larger molecules into smaller ones
amylase - ANSWER enzyme that digests complex carbohydrates. In saliva
peristalsis - ANSWER rhythmic muscle contractions that move bolus of food through
esophagus
sphincter - ANSWER muscular ring between esophagus and stomach
Pepsin - ANSWER enzyme located in gastric juice which is important for breaking
down protein
hydrochloric acid - ANSWER in gastric juice, kills microorganisms, unfolds proteins,
activates pepsin, and inhibits amylase
chyme - ANSWER mixed food in stomach
Absorption in stomach - ANSWER water, alcohol, aspirin, acetaminophen
Segmentation - ANSWER rhythmic constrictions that provide mixing
pancreatic amylases - ANSWER carbohydrates into sugars
pancreatic proteases - ANSWER proteins into amino acids
, pancreatic lipases - ANSWER fat into fatty acids
Bile - ANSWER emulsifies fat (breaks it up into droplets) so lipase can access
gall bladder - ANSWER where is bile stored
liver - ANSWER what secretes bile
diffusion - ANSWER movement of substances from areas of higher concentration to
areas of lower concentration
simple diffusion - ANSWER diffusion across membranes
osmosis - ANSWER diffusion of water across membranes
facilitated diffusion - ANSWER diffusion through a membrane protein with help
from a carrier (fructose)
active transport - ANSWER movement of substances across membranes against
concentration gradients; requires energy input (ATP) and a membrane protein
(glucose, amino acids)
feces - ANSWER undigested, unabsorbed matter, dead cells, secretions from GI
tract, water and bacteria
Probiotics - ANSWER food containing beneficial bacteria
Prebiotics - ANSWER food containing a food supply for beneficial bacteria
Celiac disease - ANSWER inherited disease where gluten in wheat, barley or rye acts
as an antigen and the immune response damages villi
Heartburn and GERD - ANSWER occurs when stomach contents including acid
moves from the stomach into the esophagus through the sphincter and GERD is
chronic heartburn
Peptic ulcers - ANSWER occur in esophagus, stomach or small intestine from
damage to lining by stomach acid and pepsin
Answers Graded A+
Mucus - ANSWER Secreted from mucosal cells lining the digestive tract. It moistens,
lubricates and protects
Hormones - ANSWER chemicals secreted from cells which travel through the
bloodstream to signal cells in another part of the body
enzymes - ANSWER type of protein that speed up reactions and in the digestive
tract they help to breakdown larger molecules into smaller ones
amylase - ANSWER enzyme that digests complex carbohydrates. In saliva
peristalsis - ANSWER rhythmic muscle contractions that move bolus of food through
esophagus
sphincter - ANSWER muscular ring between esophagus and stomach
Pepsin - ANSWER enzyme located in gastric juice which is important for breaking
down protein
hydrochloric acid - ANSWER in gastric juice, kills microorganisms, unfolds proteins,
activates pepsin, and inhibits amylase
chyme - ANSWER mixed food in stomach
Absorption in stomach - ANSWER water, alcohol, aspirin, acetaminophen
Segmentation - ANSWER rhythmic constrictions that provide mixing
pancreatic amylases - ANSWER carbohydrates into sugars
pancreatic proteases - ANSWER proteins into amino acids
, pancreatic lipases - ANSWER fat into fatty acids
Bile - ANSWER emulsifies fat (breaks it up into droplets) so lipase can access
gall bladder - ANSWER where is bile stored
liver - ANSWER what secretes bile
diffusion - ANSWER movement of substances from areas of higher concentration to
areas of lower concentration
simple diffusion - ANSWER diffusion across membranes
osmosis - ANSWER diffusion of water across membranes
facilitated diffusion - ANSWER diffusion through a membrane protein with help
from a carrier (fructose)
active transport - ANSWER movement of substances across membranes against
concentration gradients; requires energy input (ATP) and a membrane protein
(glucose, amino acids)
feces - ANSWER undigested, unabsorbed matter, dead cells, secretions from GI
tract, water and bacteria
Probiotics - ANSWER food containing beneficial bacteria
Prebiotics - ANSWER food containing a food supply for beneficial bacteria
Celiac disease - ANSWER inherited disease where gluten in wheat, barley or rye acts
as an antigen and the immune response damages villi
Heartburn and GERD - ANSWER occurs when stomach contents including acid
moves from the stomach into the esophagus through the sphincter and GERD is
chronic heartburn
Peptic ulcers - ANSWER occur in esophagus, stomach or small intestine from
damage to lining by stomach acid and pepsin
