AANP REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXAM (2026/2027)
The macula is responsible for what type of vision? - CORRECT ANSWER-central vision
Cones are responsible for what kind of vision? - CORRECT ANSWER-color
Rods are responsible for what kind of vision? - CORRECT ANSWER-black and white
contrast, night vision
What do blurred disc margins indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER-papilledema (increased
ICP)
Blepharitis - CORRECT ANSWER-bilateral
eyelid edges red, swollen
may have fine scales
Belpharitis Tx - CORRECT ANSWER-J&J baby shampoo
topical bacterial ointment if suspected infection
Pterygium - CORRECT ANSWER-Triangular shaped white to yellow superficial growth
on nasal side
bilateral
tx: surgical removal if grows into pupil
Pinguecula - CORRECT ANSWER-white to yellow small round superficial lesion on
each side of cornea
temporal and nasal areas
Chalazion - CORRECT ANSWER-small painless nodule on upper or lower eye lid
,tx: warm compress QID; refer if not resolved in 2 weeks
Senile arcus - CORRECT ANSWER-white-gray ring on edge of cornea
bilateral
d/t lipid deposits
normal finding in elderly
if <50, check lipid profile
Xanthelasma - CORRECT ANSWER-soft yellow plaques on upper/lower eyelids by
inner canthus and/or palpebrum
cholesterol plaques; not fixed by diet
removed by trichlorocetic acid, sx, lasers
Hordeolum - CORRECT ANSWER-"hurts"
acute onset, swollen eyelid, painful
small abscess
tx: warm compress QID; topical abx (can spread d/t staph [cellulitis])
Bacterial Conjunctivitis - CORRECT ANSWER-d/t H. influenza
acute onset, red eye. dried crusty yellow-green discharge on awakening
tx: ophthalmic flouroquinolones
Viral Conjunctivits - CORRECT ANSWER-acute onset red eye; itchy; one or both eyes
not a lot of drainage
periauricular lymph swelling
very contagious; keep out of schol x 1 week
Allergic Conjunctivits - CORRECT ANSWER-bilateral itchy eyes w/ increased tearing
cobble stoning
Tx: ophthalmic antihistamine, Azelastine
,ophthalmic NSAID: Ketorolac
Diabetic Retinopathy - CORRECT ANSWER-cotton wool spots
microaneurysms
blurred vision, floaters, scotoma
Microaneursyms are due to what? - CORRECT ANSWER-neovascularization or
formation of new fragile arterioles
when ruptured--> bleeding--> flame hemorrhages
Hypertensive Retinopathy - CORRECT ANSWER-copper wire arterioles
silver wire arterioles
AV nicking, flame shaped hemorrhages
What is AV nicking caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER-arteriole pressing down on
retinal vein
Herpes Keratitis - CORRECT ANSWER-caused by HSV or shingles of trigeminal nerve
(V1 branch of CN V)
photophobia, blurred vision, tearing, eye pain in 1 eye
if shingles will have vesicles and/or small round rashes on temple (one side) and tip of
nose that follows V1 branch of CN V
Flourescein stain shows fern like lesions
can have scarring of cornea; refer to ophtho or ED
Corneal Abrasion - CORRECT ANSWER-acute onset SEVERE eye pain, foreign body
sensation, tearing
Flourescein stain
r/o herpes keratitis
tx: topical abx w/ erythromycin ointment or sulfacetamide, ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin eye
gtts
NO PATCHING
, Contact Lens Wearer - CORRECT ANSWER-r/o infiltrate or opacity --> refer to ophtho if
present
topical abx therapy w/ ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin
NO PATCHING
Open-Angle Glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWER-rarely symptomatic
high IOP damages optic nerve
disc cupping during fundus exam
tonometry
tx: BB (timolol)
Contraindications for BB eye drops - CORRECT ANSWER-bronchospasm, SOB,
fatigue, confusion, depression, HF, bradycardia
Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWER-acute onset severe eye pain
possible n/v (think increased ICP)
reports seeing halos
cloudy cornea, mid-dilated pupil, non reactive pupil
Age-Related Macular Degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER-painless loss of CENTRAL
vision; bilateral
wet, dry types
sudden onset blurred vision and/or distorted vision
leading cause of vision loss >50
NOT EMERGENT
AMD tx - CORRECT ANSWER-Dry: antioxidant vitamins w/ zinc
Wet: intravitreous injection of VEGF, laser therapy
increase dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin (cooked kale, spinach)
ANSWERS EXAM (2026/2027)
The macula is responsible for what type of vision? - CORRECT ANSWER-central vision
Cones are responsible for what kind of vision? - CORRECT ANSWER-color
Rods are responsible for what kind of vision? - CORRECT ANSWER-black and white
contrast, night vision
What do blurred disc margins indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER-papilledema (increased
ICP)
Blepharitis - CORRECT ANSWER-bilateral
eyelid edges red, swollen
may have fine scales
Belpharitis Tx - CORRECT ANSWER-J&J baby shampoo
topical bacterial ointment if suspected infection
Pterygium - CORRECT ANSWER-Triangular shaped white to yellow superficial growth
on nasal side
bilateral
tx: surgical removal if grows into pupil
Pinguecula - CORRECT ANSWER-white to yellow small round superficial lesion on
each side of cornea
temporal and nasal areas
Chalazion - CORRECT ANSWER-small painless nodule on upper or lower eye lid
,tx: warm compress QID; refer if not resolved in 2 weeks
Senile arcus - CORRECT ANSWER-white-gray ring on edge of cornea
bilateral
d/t lipid deposits
normal finding in elderly
if <50, check lipid profile
Xanthelasma - CORRECT ANSWER-soft yellow plaques on upper/lower eyelids by
inner canthus and/or palpebrum
cholesterol plaques; not fixed by diet
removed by trichlorocetic acid, sx, lasers
Hordeolum - CORRECT ANSWER-"hurts"
acute onset, swollen eyelid, painful
small abscess
tx: warm compress QID; topical abx (can spread d/t staph [cellulitis])
Bacterial Conjunctivitis - CORRECT ANSWER-d/t H. influenza
acute onset, red eye. dried crusty yellow-green discharge on awakening
tx: ophthalmic flouroquinolones
Viral Conjunctivits - CORRECT ANSWER-acute onset red eye; itchy; one or both eyes
not a lot of drainage
periauricular lymph swelling
very contagious; keep out of schol x 1 week
Allergic Conjunctivits - CORRECT ANSWER-bilateral itchy eyes w/ increased tearing
cobble stoning
Tx: ophthalmic antihistamine, Azelastine
,ophthalmic NSAID: Ketorolac
Diabetic Retinopathy - CORRECT ANSWER-cotton wool spots
microaneurysms
blurred vision, floaters, scotoma
Microaneursyms are due to what? - CORRECT ANSWER-neovascularization or
formation of new fragile arterioles
when ruptured--> bleeding--> flame hemorrhages
Hypertensive Retinopathy - CORRECT ANSWER-copper wire arterioles
silver wire arterioles
AV nicking, flame shaped hemorrhages
What is AV nicking caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER-arteriole pressing down on
retinal vein
Herpes Keratitis - CORRECT ANSWER-caused by HSV or shingles of trigeminal nerve
(V1 branch of CN V)
photophobia, blurred vision, tearing, eye pain in 1 eye
if shingles will have vesicles and/or small round rashes on temple (one side) and tip of
nose that follows V1 branch of CN V
Flourescein stain shows fern like lesions
can have scarring of cornea; refer to ophtho or ED
Corneal Abrasion - CORRECT ANSWER-acute onset SEVERE eye pain, foreign body
sensation, tearing
Flourescein stain
r/o herpes keratitis
tx: topical abx w/ erythromycin ointment or sulfacetamide, ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin eye
gtts
NO PATCHING
, Contact Lens Wearer - CORRECT ANSWER-r/o infiltrate or opacity --> refer to ophtho if
present
topical abx therapy w/ ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin
NO PATCHING
Open-Angle Glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWER-rarely symptomatic
high IOP damages optic nerve
disc cupping during fundus exam
tonometry
tx: BB (timolol)
Contraindications for BB eye drops - CORRECT ANSWER-bronchospasm, SOB,
fatigue, confusion, depression, HF, bradycardia
Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWER-acute onset severe eye pain
possible n/v (think increased ICP)
reports seeing halos
cloudy cornea, mid-dilated pupil, non reactive pupil
Age-Related Macular Degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER-painless loss of CENTRAL
vision; bilateral
wet, dry types
sudden onset blurred vision and/or distorted vision
leading cause of vision loss >50
NOT EMERGENT
AMD tx - CORRECT ANSWER-Dry: antioxidant vitamins w/ zinc
Wet: intravitreous injection of VEGF, laser therapy
increase dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin (cooked kale, spinach)
