NSB336 Exam Questions And 100% Correct
Answers 2026/2027 Updated.
What is sepsis? - Answer Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused
by a dysregulated host response to infection.
Why are fluids given for infection? - Answer To restore intravascular
volume, cardiac output, and oxygen delivery.
Why is oxygen administered in infection? - Answer To maintain
aerobic metabolism and oxygenate decreased tissues in infected
patients.
What is the mechanism of action of antibiotics? - Answer Interference
with cell wall synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, interference
with nucleic acid synthesis, inhibition of a metabolic pathway,
inhibition of membrane function, and inhibition of ATP Synthase.
What is ADPIE? - Answer Assessment, diagnosis, planning,
intervention, and evaluation.
What does gas exchange involve? - Answer Transfer of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between atmosphere and blood, and then to body
cells.
What are the three steps of gas exchange? - Answer Ventilation,
diffusion, and perfusion.
What is ventilation? - Answer The movement of gas into the lungs.
What is diffusion? - Answer The movement of gas between the lungs
and blood.
Perfusion - Answer The transport of blood to tissues.
What happens to ventilation when the metabolism alters? - Answer
Chemoreceptors detect change in O2 and CO2 levels, thus
, ventilation alters to meet metabolic demand.
What occurs during respiratory failure? - Answer Exchange of O2
and CO2 becomes inadequate, resulting in insufficient O2 transfer to
blood, insufficient O2 removed from lungs, or both.
What are arterial blood gasses used for? - Answer To assess
changes in pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and SaO2.
What is hypoxemia? - Answer Inadequate O2 transfer.
What is hypercapnia? - Answer Insufficient removal of CO2.
What is acute respiratory failure? - Answer Impaired gas exchange
with sudden onset of symptoms.
What is chronic respiratory failure? - Answer Gradual decline of
respiratory function, impairing gas exchange eg. COPD, emphysema
and chronic bronchitis.
What is type 1 respiratory failure? - Answer Hypoxia without
hypercapnia eg. pulmonary oedema, PE, LHF or shock.
What is type 2 respiratory failure? - Answer Hypoxia with
hypercapnia eg. asthma.
What are the four physiological mechanisms of hypoxemic
respiratory failure? - Answer Mismatch between ventilation and
perfusion, shunt, diffusion limitation, and alveolar hypoventilation.
When does shunt occur? - Answer When blood exits the heart without
undergoing gas exchange and are viewed as an extreme
ventilation-perfusion mismatch.
At what rate does blood perfuse to the lungs in a healthy adult? -
Answer 5-6L/min.
Answers 2026/2027 Updated.
What is sepsis? - Answer Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused
by a dysregulated host response to infection.
Why are fluids given for infection? - Answer To restore intravascular
volume, cardiac output, and oxygen delivery.
Why is oxygen administered in infection? - Answer To maintain
aerobic metabolism and oxygenate decreased tissues in infected
patients.
What is the mechanism of action of antibiotics? - Answer Interference
with cell wall synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, interference
with nucleic acid synthesis, inhibition of a metabolic pathway,
inhibition of membrane function, and inhibition of ATP Synthase.
What is ADPIE? - Answer Assessment, diagnosis, planning,
intervention, and evaluation.
What does gas exchange involve? - Answer Transfer of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between atmosphere and blood, and then to body
cells.
What are the three steps of gas exchange? - Answer Ventilation,
diffusion, and perfusion.
What is ventilation? - Answer The movement of gas into the lungs.
What is diffusion? - Answer The movement of gas between the lungs
and blood.
Perfusion - Answer The transport of blood to tissues.
What happens to ventilation when the metabolism alters? - Answer
Chemoreceptors detect change in O2 and CO2 levels, thus
, ventilation alters to meet metabolic demand.
What occurs during respiratory failure? - Answer Exchange of O2
and CO2 becomes inadequate, resulting in insufficient O2 transfer to
blood, insufficient O2 removed from lungs, or both.
What are arterial blood gasses used for? - Answer To assess
changes in pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and SaO2.
What is hypoxemia? - Answer Inadequate O2 transfer.
What is hypercapnia? - Answer Insufficient removal of CO2.
What is acute respiratory failure? - Answer Impaired gas exchange
with sudden onset of symptoms.
What is chronic respiratory failure? - Answer Gradual decline of
respiratory function, impairing gas exchange eg. COPD, emphysema
and chronic bronchitis.
What is type 1 respiratory failure? - Answer Hypoxia without
hypercapnia eg. pulmonary oedema, PE, LHF or shock.
What is type 2 respiratory failure? - Answer Hypoxia with
hypercapnia eg. asthma.
What are the four physiological mechanisms of hypoxemic
respiratory failure? - Answer Mismatch between ventilation and
perfusion, shunt, diffusion limitation, and alveolar hypoventilation.
When does shunt occur? - Answer When blood exits the heart without
undergoing gas exchange and are viewed as an extreme
ventilation-perfusion mismatch.
At what rate does blood perfuse to the lungs in a healthy adult? -
Answer 5-6L/min.
