OCCT5004 Exam Questions And 100%
Correct Answers 2026/2027 Updated.
instrumentation effects - Answer a threat to validity that is minimized
by using a reliable outcome of measure and using a standardised
protocol to administer to the measure
Spurious - Answer When two or more events that are actually
independent of one another appear to be related. Might be because
the events occur at the same time by coincidence or because of an
unseen third (confounding) variable
generalizability - Answer refers to external validity
p<0.05 - Answer generally accepted alpha value for human based
research
statistical conclusion validity - Answer is there a relationship
between the IV and DV ?
e.g not using an appropriate statistical test or failure to use intention
to treat analysis
Quasi vs RCT - Answer There is no random allocation of individual
participants to either the intervention or the control/comparison
groups. Instead, participants are assigned based on pre-existing
groups e.g based on location
times where differences in the outcome variables ideally be
measures between participants in the intervention group and
participants in the control/comparison group ? - Answer - at baseline
(beginning of the study)
- at the conclusion of the intervention period
at specified follow up times after completing the intervention
,an appropriate test to determine differences in outcomes of a one
group pre-test post-test experimental design with a small sample size
- Answer the non-parametric wilcoxon signed rank test
prevalence - Answer measure of how much a health condition exists
in a population at a particular point in time
incidence - Answer measure of the rate of new cases of the health
condition in a specified time period (usually one year)
probability - Answer chance of an event happening. may be the
development of a health condition
risk - Answer refers to the probability of developing a health
condition (or side effect or benefit from an intervention ) in a given
period of time
Absolute risk - Answer refers to the incidence or natural frequency of
the disease in the population
Absolute risk reduction (ARR) - Answer actual difference in risk
between those who have received an intervention and those who
have not. ARR = control event rate (CER) - Experimental event rate
(EER) where CER is the number of people who are not vaccinated
and who get meningococcal disease and EER is the number of
people who are vaccinated and who get meningococcal disease.
relative risk - Answer likelihood that someone who has been exposed
to a risk factor will develop the disease or disorder compared to
some who has not been exposed.
- in a cohort or case-control study we can determine the cumulative
incidence estimates for exposed and unexposed groups to determine
the relative risk (RR) of developing the disease or disorder
, Number needed to treat (NNT) - Answer developed as a way for
clinicians to identify how many patients would need to be treated
before a benefit can be seen. NNT = 1/ARR
relative risk reduction - Answer decrease in risk/increase in benefit
that is associated with a particular intervention
(CER-EER) / CER x 100
those who were unvaxed and got the disease / those vaxed and got
the disease
spearmans rho - Answer non- parametric correlation, most
appropriate because independent variable is nominal data and
dependent variable consists of ratio data.
univariate study - Answer A study that collects data on a number of
variables and reports the results of each variable.
There is no attempt to look for any relationship between variables.
The number of people who are exposed to the disease and who get
the disease divided by the total exposed population) divided by (the
number of people who are not exposed to the disease and who get
the disease divided by the total unexposed population) - Answer
relative risk
relative risk - Answer The number of people who are exposed to the
disease and who get the disease divided by the total exposed
population) divided by (the number of people who are not exposed to
the disease and who get the disease divided by the total unexposed
Correct Answers 2026/2027 Updated.
instrumentation effects - Answer a threat to validity that is minimized
by using a reliable outcome of measure and using a standardised
protocol to administer to the measure
Spurious - Answer When two or more events that are actually
independent of one another appear to be related. Might be because
the events occur at the same time by coincidence or because of an
unseen third (confounding) variable
generalizability - Answer refers to external validity
p<0.05 - Answer generally accepted alpha value for human based
research
statistical conclusion validity - Answer is there a relationship
between the IV and DV ?
e.g not using an appropriate statistical test or failure to use intention
to treat analysis
Quasi vs RCT - Answer There is no random allocation of individual
participants to either the intervention or the control/comparison
groups. Instead, participants are assigned based on pre-existing
groups e.g based on location
times where differences in the outcome variables ideally be
measures between participants in the intervention group and
participants in the control/comparison group ? - Answer - at baseline
(beginning of the study)
- at the conclusion of the intervention period
at specified follow up times after completing the intervention
,an appropriate test to determine differences in outcomes of a one
group pre-test post-test experimental design with a small sample size
- Answer the non-parametric wilcoxon signed rank test
prevalence - Answer measure of how much a health condition exists
in a population at a particular point in time
incidence - Answer measure of the rate of new cases of the health
condition in a specified time period (usually one year)
probability - Answer chance of an event happening. may be the
development of a health condition
risk - Answer refers to the probability of developing a health
condition (or side effect or benefit from an intervention ) in a given
period of time
Absolute risk - Answer refers to the incidence or natural frequency of
the disease in the population
Absolute risk reduction (ARR) - Answer actual difference in risk
between those who have received an intervention and those who
have not. ARR = control event rate (CER) - Experimental event rate
(EER) where CER is the number of people who are not vaccinated
and who get meningococcal disease and EER is the number of
people who are vaccinated and who get meningococcal disease.
relative risk - Answer likelihood that someone who has been exposed
to a risk factor will develop the disease or disorder compared to
some who has not been exposed.
- in a cohort or case-control study we can determine the cumulative
incidence estimates for exposed and unexposed groups to determine
the relative risk (RR) of developing the disease or disorder
, Number needed to treat (NNT) - Answer developed as a way for
clinicians to identify how many patients would need to be treated
before a benefit can be seen. NNT = 1/ARR
relative risk reduction - Answer decrease in risk/increase in benefit
that is associated with a particular intervention
(CER-EER) / CER x 100
those who were unvaxed and got the disease / those vaxed and got
the disease
spearmans rho - Answer non- parametric correlation, most
appropriate because independent variable is nominal data and
dependent variable consists of ratio data.
univariate study - Answer A study that collects data on a number of
variables and reports the results of each variable.
There is no attempt to look for any relationship between variables.
The number of people who are exposed to the disease and who get
the disease divided by the total exposed population) divided by (the
number of people who are not exposed to the disease and who get
the disease divided by the total unexposed population) - Answer
relative risk
relative risk - Answer The number of people who are exposed to the
disease and who get the disease divided by the total exposed
population) divided by (the number of people who are not exposed to
the disease and who get the disease divided by the total unexposed
