ADVANCED ASSESSMENT EXAM 1 PREP: KEY SKILLS AND
MASTERY GUIDE
spider angioma
(swollen blood vessels) found slightly beneath the skin surface, often containing a central red spot and
reddish extensions which radiate outwards. are found only in the distribution of the superior vena cava,
and are thus commonly found on the face, neck, upper part of the trunk and arm.
Asterixis
flapping tremor from drug overdoses, encephalapathies, diencephalon disorder
CAGE, CIWA
test to assess ETOH dependency
precision
If 2 clinician were both examined the same patient, they would both agree on the presence or absence
of symptoms.
sensitivity
a useful measure of how well a diagnostic test (whether a symptom, sign, or laboratory test) detects a
target disorder when it is present
specificity
how often a symptom, sign, or other diagnostic test is absent when the target disorder is not present
sensitivity, negative
When the ________ of a symptom is HIGH, a _________ responses rules OUT the disorder
specificity, positive
When the _________ of a test is HIGH, a _______ test rules IN the disorder
likelihood ratios
expresses the odds that a given finding on the medical history or physical examination would occur in a
patient with, as opposed to a patient without, the target disorder.
systematic review
An attempt to identify, appraise & synthesize all the available data.
,clinical reasoning
is the process that you follow to arrive at a diagnosis
validity
How well does a test distinguish between those who have a given disease and those who don't have
true positive
Have disease and test is positive
false positive
No disease but test is positive.
true negative
No disease and test is negative
false negative
Have disease but test is negative.
positive predicted value
the proportion of patients who have a positive
test and do have the disease
negative predicted value
the proportion of patients who have a negative
test and do not have the disease.
sensitive
If you want to make a diagnosis, then you want to have a ____________ test for making a diagnosis
Prevalence
The presence of disease in a population at a specific time;
also referred to as the pretest probability of disease
clinical reasoning
a situational, practiced-based form of reasoning that acknowledges the many variables that are present
in a clinical situation (social, family, community, values etc)
gold standard
the best, most reliable, or most prestigious thing of its type.
Occam's razor
A theory that states that the simplest theory or explanation is the best.
, positive pertinent finding
The presence of a sign or symptom related to a specific problem (ie increased uric acid level with history
of gout)
negative pertinent finding
The ABSENCE of a sign or symptom may help to rule out a disorder. (e.g absence of tachycardia with
weight loss, r/o hyperthyroidism).
likelihood ratio
The ratio of accurate to inaccurate positive test results (TP/FP)
pretest probability
The probability of finding a disease in the environment.
sympathy
the feeling that you care about and are sorry about someone else's trouble, grief, misfortune. a feeling
of support for something
empathy
the feeling that you understand and share another person's experiences and emotions : the ability to
share someone else's feelings
5 rules of interviewing
Audition -- listening carefully
Evaluation -- Sorting out irrelevant data.
Inquiry -- Probe into significant areas
Observation -- Nonverbal communication of what is said
Understanding -- Understanding patient concerns
6 universal emotions
happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust
proxemics
personal space
sign
what the examiner finds
constitutional symptoms
Symptoms that include fever, chills, weight loss, sweating
open-ended question
Questions that are asked that require more than yes or no response.
MASTERY GUIDE
spider angioma
(swollen blood vessels) found slightly beneath the skin surface, often containing a central red spot and
reddish extensions which radiate outwards. are found only in the distribution of the superior vena cava,
and are thus commonly found on the face, neck, upper part of the trunk and arm.
Asterixis
flapping tremor from drug overdoses, encephalapathies, diencephalon disorder
CAGE, CIWA
test to assess ETOH dependency
precision
If 2 clinician were both examined the same patient, they would both agree on the presence or absence
of symptoms.
sensitivity
a useful measure of how well a diagnostic test (whether a symptom, sign, or laboratory test) detects a
target disorder when it is present
specificity
how often a symptom, sign, or other diagnostic test is absent when the target disorder is not present
sensitivity, negative
When the ________ of a symptom is HIGH, a _________ responses rules OUT the disorder
specificity, positive
When the _________ of a test is HIGH, a _______ test rules IN the disorder
likelihood ratios
expresses the odds that a given finding on the medical history or physical examination would occur in a
patient with, as opposed to a patient without, the target disorder.
systematic review
An attempt to identify, appraise & synthesize all the available data.
,clinical reasoning
is the process that you follow to arrive at a diagnosis
validity
How well does a test distinguish between those who have a given disease and those who don't have
true positive
Have disease and test is positive
false positive
No disease but test is positive.
true negative
No disease and test is negative
false negative
Have disease but test is negative.
positive predicted value
the proportion of patients who have a positive
test and do have the disease
negative predicted value
the proportion of patients who have a negative
test and do not have the disease.
sensitive
If you want to make a diagnosis, then you want to have a ____________ test for making a diagnosis
Prevalence
The presence of disease in a population at a specific time;
also referred to as the pretest probability of disease
clinical reasoning
a situational, practiced-based form of reasoning that acknowledges the many variables that are present
in a clinical situation (social, family, community, values etc)
gold standard
the best, most reliable, or most prestigious thing of its type.
Occam's razor
A theory that states that the simplest theory or explanation is the best.
, positive pertinent finding
The presence of a sign or symptom related to a specific problem (ie increased uric acid level with history
of gout)
negative pertinent finding
The ABSENCE of a sign or symptom may help to rule out a disorder. (e.g absence of tachycardia with
weight loss, r/o hyperthyroidism).
likelihood ratio
The ratio of accurate to inaccurate positive test results (TP/FP)
pretest probability
The probability of finding a disease in the environment.
sympathy
the feeling that you care about and are sorry about someone else's trouble, grief, misfortune. a feeling
of support for something
empathy
the feeling that you understand and share another person's experiences and emotions : the ability to
share someone else's feelings
5 rules of interviewing
Audition -- listening carefully
Evaluation -- Sorting out irrelevant data.
Inquiry -- Probe into significant areas
Observation -- Nonverbal communication of what is said
Understanding -- Understanding patient concerns
6 universal emotions
happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust
proxemics
personal space
sign
what the examiner finds
constitutional symptoms
Symptoms that include fever, chills, weight loss, sweating
open-ended question
Questions that are asked that require more than yes or no response.
