NHA Final Exam Prep: Essential Review and A+
Study Guide
How do you interview a pt for abuse or sexual violence?
start with general questions then work to more specific questions
When do you screen for abuse?
every assessment
**When should you report abuse according to mandatory reporting?
always, even if it is just a suspicion
Breast cancer risk factors:
- women
- over 50
- Caucasian
- personal Hx of any type of cancer
- family Hx of cancer
having a genetic predisposition toward developing breast cancer
- beginning menstruation early
- undergoing menopause late
When should SBE's be performed?
- child-bearing age : once a month
- post menopause : doesn't matter when
How should you perform a SBE?
,- using a mirror
- standing in the shower
- sitting and leaning forward
- lying down
During a SBE, what should you always check for?
nipple discharge
How should you NEVER perform a SBE?
assessing while LOOKING DOWN, always use a mirror
What are the 3 techniques for performing a SBE?
- up and down
- circular
- wedge
What is an important rule about performing a SBE?
always do it consistently, the same way, and in a systemic manor, making sure to cover all the areas
**Where are the majority of breast tumors found?
tail of spence (axillary lymph nodes)
Testicular cancer risk factors:
- young men between ages 15 - 35 (most common)
- men with a Hx of an undescended testicle
Who has the highest risk for contracting testicular cancer?
men with a Hx of an undescended testicle
When should a STE be performed?
monthly, "play with you balls once a month"
How should a STE be performed?
- in the shower
- using a mirror
- using the index and middle finger to examine
When should you be worried about the findings of a STE?
when you find a small, hard, painless, fixed lump on the testicle because it is the 1ST WARNING SIGN of
testicular cancer
**What testicular abnormality is a priority urgent assessment?
testicular torsion - twisting of the vas deferens
, **To check for prostate cancer in men, what is used in the place of routine rectal exams?
prostatic surface antigen (PSA) blood test
**Anal fissure (matching on test)
- linear crack/split/tear in anal region
- sentinel skin tag may be seen near the lower end
- ulcerations may appear at the site
- causes bleeding, pain, and itching
- often d/t trauma, passage of hard stool, or irritant diarrhea
- anesthesia of the site is necessary for exam
**Anorectal fistula (matching on test)
- small round opening near the anus
- tunnel formed to divert stool
- causes continuous stool leakage
- can occur spontaneously or from an abscess
- serosanguineous or purulent drainage may appear when compressed
- externally, the area appears raised, red, and granular
**Hemorrhoid (matching on test)
- internal or external
- causes bloody stool
- looks like a flabby skin sac
- thrombosed = shiny blue skin sac
External hemorrhoid
- varicose veins
- cause rectal itching, pain, or burning
- usually not visible at rest
- requires immediate attention
Internal hemorrhoid
- painless unless thrombosed, infected, or prolapsed
- creates soft swelling
- difficult to palpate unless prolapsed through rectum
- can bleed daily with or without defecation
- can cause anemia
**Pilonidal cyst (matching on test)
- abnormal area at the tip of coccyx
- contains tuft of hair or dead skin
Study Guide
How do you interview a pt for abuse or sexual violence?
start with general questions then work to more specific questions
When do you screen for abuse?
every assessment
**When should you report abuse according to mandatory reporting?
always, even if it is just a suspicion
Breast cancer risk factors:
- women
- over 50
- Caucasian
- personal Hx of any type of cancer
- family Hx of cancer
having a genetic predisposition toward developing breast cancer
- beginning menstruation early
- undergoing menopause late
When should SBE's be performed?
- child-bearing age : once a month
- post menopause : doesn't matter when
How should you perform a SBE?
,- using a mirror
- standing in the shower
- sitting and leaning forward
- lying down
During a SBE, what should you always check for?
nipple discharge
How should you NEVER perform a SBE?
assessing while LOOKING DOWN, always use a mirror
What are the 3 techniques for performing a SBE?
- up and down
- circular
- wedge
What is an important rule about performing a SBE?
always do it consistently, the same way, and in a systemic manor, making sure to cover all the areas
**Where are the majority of breast tumors found?
tail of spence (axillary lymph nodes)
Testicular cancer risk factors:
- young men between ages 15 - 35 (most common)
- men with a Hx of an undescended testicle
Who has the highest risk for contracting testicular cancer?
men with a Hx of an undescended testicle
When should a STE be performed?
monthly, "play with you balls once a month"
How should a STE be performed?
- in the shower
- using a mirror
- using the index and middle finger to examine
When should you be worried about the findings of a STE?
when you find a small, hard, painless, fixed lump on the testicle because it is the 1ST WARNING SIGN of
testicular cancer
**What testicular abnormality is a priority urgent assessment?
testicular torsion - twisting of the vas deferens
, **To check for prostate cancer in men, what is used in the place of routine rectal exams?
prostatic surface antigen (PSA) blood test
**Anal fissure (matching on test)
- linear crack/split/tear in anal region
- sentinel skin tag may be seen near the lower end
- ulcerations may appear at the site
- causes bleeding, pain, and itching
- often d/t trauma, passage of hard stool, or irritant diarrhea
- anesthesia of the site is necessary for exam
**Anorectal fistula (matching on test)
- small round opening near the anus
- tunnel formed to divert stool
- causes continuous stool leakage
- can occur spontaneously or from an abscess
- serosanguineous or purulent drainage may appear when compressed
- externally, the area appears raised, red, and granular
**Hemorrhoid (matching on test)
- internal or external
- causes bloody stool
- looks like a flabby skin sac
- thrombosed = shiny blue skin sac
External hemorrhoid
- varicose veins
- cause rectal itching, pain, or burning
- usually not visible at rest
- requires immediate attention
Internal hemorrhoid
- painless unless thrombosed, infected, or prolapsed
- creates soft swelling
- difficult to palpate unless prolapsed through rectum
- can bleed daily with or without defecation
- can cause anemia
**Pilonidal cyst (matching on test)
- abnormal area at the tip of coccyx
- contains tuft of hair or dead skin
