NSG 550 Exam 3 Review: Master Key Concepts and
Crush the Questions
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging; a medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to
create detailed images of the body.
MRA
Magnetic Resonance Angiography; a specialized type of MRI specifically designed to image blood vessels
and blood flow.
MRI Uses
Ordered when provider suspects spinal cord or brain injuries, joint problems, ligaments, tendons and
muscles, tumors, certain neurological issues, bone infections, headaches with neuro symptoms,
suspicion of a fracture after injury, or when neuro symptoms such as numbness, weakness or tingling
are present.
MRA Uses
Used for stroke or transient ischemic attack, heart disease to assess the vessels of the heart, or to plan a
procedure like stent placement.
Bethesda Result
A standardized system used to classify thyroid nodules based on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy
results.
Bethesda Category I
Nondiagnostic/Unsatisfactory; sample is inadequate for diagnosis.
Bethesda Category II
Benign; cells appear normal with low risk.
Bethesda Category III
Atypia of Undetermined Significance (AUS) or Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance (FLUS); cells
show some abnormalities, but it is unclear if they are cancerous, requiring further investigation.
, Bethesda Category IV
Follicular Neoplasm (FN) or Suspicious for Follicular Neoplasm (SFN); cells suggest possible follicular
tumor, which could be benign or cancerous.
Bethesda Category V
Suspicious for Malignancy; cells show strong evidence of cancer, but further testing may be needed to
confirm diagnosis.
Bethesda Category VI
Malignant; cells are clearly cancerous.
Cervical Screening Negative Result
HPV not detected; retest in 5 years.
Cervical Screening Positive for HPV (not 16/18)
Lab needs to do more tests to find out your level of risk for your HPV type(s); Intermediate Risk = Repeat
test in 12 months; Higher Risk = GYN refers you to have colposcopy.
Cervical Screening Positive for HPV (16/18)
You have the virus present; GYN will refer you for a colposcopy.
Cervical Screening Unsatisfactory Result
Not enough data to confirm/refute diagnosis; repeat test in 6-12 weeks.
MRI Contrast Use
When used with contrast material enhances the visibility of tumors, inflammation, certain organs, blood
supply, and blood vessels.
MRI Brain Conditions
Useful tool for detecting brain conditions such as aneurysms, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries,
hydrocephalus, stroke, infections, tumors, swelling, hormonal disorders such as acromegaly and
Cushing's Syndrome, hemorrhage, inflammation, and Chiari malformation.
MRI for Mammograms
Used to evaluate suspicious findings on mammograms, especially in cases of dense breast tissue or
when cancer is not visible with other imaging methods.
MRI for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Used for assessing/monitoring Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease.
MRA for Renal Vessels
Used to examine renal vessels, particularly in cases of renal artery stenosis.
Crush the Questions
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging; a medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to
create detailed images of the body.
MRA
Magnetic Resonance Angiography; a specialized type of MRI specifically designed to image blood vessels
and blood flow.
MRI Uses
Ordered when provider suspects spinal cord or brain injuries, joint problems, ligaments, tendons and
muscles, tumors, certain neurological issues, bone infections, headaches with neuro symptoms,
suspicion of a fracture after injury, or when neuro symptoms such as numbness, weakness or tingling
are present.
MRA Uses
Used for stroke or transient ischemic attack, heart disease to assess the vessels of the heart, or to plan a
procedure like stent placement.
Bethesda Result
A standardized system used to classify thyroid nodules based on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy
results.
Bethesda Category I
Nondiagnostic/Unsatisfactory; sample is inadequate for diagnosis.
Bethesda Category II
Benign; cells appear normal with low risk.
Bethesda Category III
Atypia of Undetermined Significance (AUS) or Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance (FLUS); cells
show some abnormalities, but it is unclear if they are cancerous, requiring further investigation.
, Bethesda Category IV
Follicular Neoplasm (FN) or Suspicious for Follicular Neoplasm (SFN); cells suggest possible follicular
tumor, which could be benign or cancerous.
Bethesda Category V
Suspicious for Malignancy; cells show strong evidence of cancer, but further testing may be needed to
confirm diagnosis.
Bethesda Category VI
Malignant; cells are clearly cancerous.
Cervical Screening Negative Result
HPV not detected; retest in 5 years.
Cervical Screening Positive for HPV (not 16/18)
Lab needs to do more tests to find out your level of risk for your HPV type(s); Intermediate Risk = Repeat
test in 12 months; Higher Risk = GYN refers you to have colposcopy.
Cervical Screening Positive for HPV (16/18)
You have the virus present; GYN will refer you for a colposcopy.
Cervical Screening Unsatisfactory Result
Not enough data to confirm/refute diagnosis; repeat test in 6-12 weeks.
MRI Contrast Use
When used with contrast material enhances the visibility of tumors, inflammation, certain organs, blood
supply, and blood vessels.
MRI Brain Conditions
Useful tool for detecting brain conditions such as aneurysms, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries,
hydrocephalus, stroke, infections, tumors, swelling, hormonal disorders such as acromegaly and
Cushing's Syndrome, hemorrhage, inflammation, and Chiari malformation.
MRI for Mammograms
Used to evaluate suspicious findings on mammograms, especially in cases of dense breast tissue or
when cancer is not visible with other imaging methods.
MRI for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Used for assessing/monitoring Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease.
MRA for Renal Vessels
Used to examine renal vessels, particularly in cases of renal artery stenosis.
