NATIONAL PHYSICAL THERAPY EXAM FINAL
STUDY GUIDE 2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION
◉ Hip Pubofemoral ligament. Answer: Extends from Pubic portion of
the rim of acetabulum to the neck of the femur. LIMITS excessive
abduction and extension
◉ Ischiofemoral ligament. Answer: extends from the iscial wall of
the acetabulum to the neck of the femur Limits EXT and IR and
reinforces the articular capsule
◉ Acetabular labrum. Answer: Fibrocatilaginous rim attatched to
the margin of the acetabulum
◉ ATP-PC system. Answer: High intensity short duration exercise
such as sprinting 100 meters. Phosphocreatine decomposes and
releases a large amount of energy. Provides energy up to 15 seconds
◉ Anaerobic glycolysis. Answer: High intensity short duration
activities such as sprinting 400-800 meters. Stored glycogen is split
into glucose and through glycolysis split agian into pyruvic acid to
form ATP 30-40 seconds of muscle contraction
,◉ Aerobic Metabolism. Answer: Low intensity long duration
exercise such as running a marathon. Oxygen yield the most ATP but
requires complex chemical reactions through oxidation of food.
◉ Synarthroses joint (fibrous) joint classification. Answer: Fibrous
joints composed of bones united by fibrous tissue and are non
synovial. movement is minimal
◉ Suture (synarthroses). Answer: Union of 2 bones by a ligament or
membrane (ex sagittal suture of skull)
◉ Gomphosis (synarthroses). Answer: 2 bony surfaces connect such
as a peg in the whole ex (tooth in a socket)
◉ Syndesmosis (joint classification). Answer: Bone connected to
bone by a dense fibrous membrane or cord
◉ Amphiarthrosis (cartiliginous joint). Answer: Cartiliginous joints
have cartilage or fibrocartilage that connects one bone to another.
slightly moveable joints
◉ Shoulder flexion. Answer: Anterior delt, Coracobrachialis, pec
major, biceps brachii
,◉ Shoulder extension. Answer: lattisimus dorsi, posterior delt, teres
major
◉ Shoulder abduction. Answer: Middle deltoid, supraspinatus
◉ Shoulder external rotation. Answer: Teres minor, infraspinatus,
posterior deltoid
◉ Shoulder internal rotation. Answer: Subscapularis, teres major,
pectoralis major, lattisimus dorsi, anterior deltoid
◉ Scapula elevation. Answer: upper traps, levator scapulae
◉ Scapula depression. Answer: lattisimus dorsi, pec major, pec
minor, lower traps
◉ Scapula protraction. Answer: serratus anterior, pec minor
◉ scapula retraction. Answer: middle trapezius, rhomboids
◉ scapula upward rotation. Answer: upper and lower trapezius,
serratus anterior,
, ◉ scapula downward rotation. Answer: rhomboids, levator scapula,
pec minor
◉ Synchondrosis (amphiarthroses). Answer: Hyaline cartilage with
cartilage adjoining 2 ossifying centers of bone ex. Sternum and true
rib articulation
◉ Symphysis (ampiarthroses). Answer: located in the midline of the
body, 2 bones with hyaline cartilage
◉ Diarthroses (synovial joints). Answer: Provide free movement
between bones and have 5 distinguising characteristics, Joint cavity,
articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and fibrous
capsule most complex and vulnerable
Uniaxial-one plane ( hinge/Pivot)
Biaxial - 2 planes (condyloid, saddle)
Multiaxial- 3 planes (plane, ball and socket)
◉ Shoulder Glenoid labrum. Answer: firocartiliginous structure that
deepends the glenoid fossa and increases the size of the articular
surface
STUDY GUIDE 2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION
◉ Hip Pubofemoral ligament. Answer: Extends from Pubic portion of
the rim of acetabulum to the neck of the femur. LIMITS excessive
abduction and extension
◉ Ischiofemoral ligament. Answer: extends from the iscial wall of
the acetabulum to the neck of the femur Limits EXT and IR and
reinforces the articular capsule
◉ Acetabular labrum. Answer: Fibrocatilaginous rim attatched to
the margin of the acetabulum
◉ ATP-PC system. Answer: High intensity short duration exercise
such as sprinting 100 meters. Phosphocreatine decomposes and
releases a large amount of energy. Provides energy up to 15 seconds
◉ Anaerobic glycolysis. Answer: High intensity short duration
activities such as sprinting 400-800 meters. Stored glycogen is split
into glucose and through glycolysis split agian into pyruvic acid to
form ATP 30-40 seconds of muscle contraction
,◉ Aerobic Metabolism. Answer: Low intensity long duration
exercise such as running a marathon. Oxygen yield the most ATP but
requires complex chemical reactions through oxidation of food.
◉ Synarthroses joint (fibrous) joint classification. Answer: Fibrous
joints composed of bones united by fibrous tissue and are non
synovial. movement is minimal
◉ Suture (synarthroses). Answer: Union of 2 bones by a ligament or
membrane (ex sagittal suture of skull)
◉ Gomphosis (synarthroses). Answer: 2 bony surfaces connect such
as a peg in the whole ex (tooth in a socket)
◉ Syndesmosis (joint classification). Answer: Bone connected to
bone by a dense fibrous membrane or cord
◉ Amphiarthrosis (cartiliginous joint). Answer: Cartiliginous joints
have cartilage or fibrocartilage that connects one bone to another.
slightly moveable joints
◉ Shoulder flexion. Answer: Anterior delt, Coracobrachialis, pec
major, biceps brachii
,◉ Shoulder extension. Answer: lattisimus dorsi, posterior delt, teres
major
◉ Shoulder abduction. Answer: Middle deltoid, supraspinatus
◉ Shoulder external rotation. Answer: Teres minor, infraspinatus,
posterior deltoid
◉ Shoulder internal rotation. Answer: Subscapularis, teres major,
pectoralis major, lattisimus dorsi, anterior deltoid
◉ Scapula elevation. Answer: upper traps, levator scapulae
◉ Scapula depression. Answer: lattisimus dorsi, pec major, pec
minor, lower traps
◉ Scapula protraction. Answer: serratus anterior, pec minor
◉ scapula retraction. Answer: middle trapezius, rhomboids
◉ scapula upward rotation. Answer: upper and lower trapezius,
serratus anterior,
, ◉ scapula downward rotation. Answer: rhomboids, levator scapula,
pec minor
◉ Synchondrosis (amphiarthroses). Answer: Hyaline cartilage with
cartilage adjoining 2 ossifying centers of bone ex. Sternum and true
rib articulation
◉ Symphysis (ampiarthroses). Answer: located in the midline of the
body, 2 bones with hyaline cartilage
◉ Diarthroses (synovial joints). Answer: Provide free movement
between bones and have 5 distinguising characteristics, Joint cavity,
articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and fibrous
capsule most complex and vulnerable
Uniaxial-one plane ( hinge/Pivot)
Biaxial - 2 planes (condyloid, saddle)
Multiaxial- 3 planes (plane, ball and socket)
◉ Shoulder Glenoid labrum. Answer: firocartiliginous structure that
deepends the glenoid fossa and increases the size of the articular
surface
