NR546 Final Exam |Most Recent Exam 2026 | Actual Complete Real
Exam With Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Verified Answers
| Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success!! |Newest!! Chamberlain
University-Illinois
Bipolar Type I:
requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any
duration if hospitalization due to symptoms is required)
Bipolar Type II:
diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current
or past major depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days but
fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to
cause significant functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report
these
symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents
in the depression phase.
Cyclothymia:
involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive
symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major
depressive or manic/hypomanic episode.
,If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD:
antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-
cycling bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children
and adults younger than 25
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar disorder and
never as
________________.
monotherapy
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent
the onset of a hypomanic or manic episode
DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
Decreased positive
affect: depressed
mood
loss of joy
lack of
interest loss
of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-
confidence appetite
changes
,5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
Increased negative
affect: depressed
mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes
monoamine hypothesis of depression
-depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three
monoamine transmitters
• serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
-while mania may result from an excess
Medication Management for Depression, First-Line Treatment:
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI)
• Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitors (SARIs)
, SSRI's
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT
reuptake Adverse
effects
-diarrhea
-headache
-weight gain
-sexual side effects
SNRI's
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy, focus)
• increase DA in prefrontal cortex (increase
cognition) Adverse effects
-elevated blood pressure
-anxiety
-insomnia
-constipation
Exam With Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Verified Answers
| Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success!! |Newest!! Chamberlain
University-Illinois
Bipolar Type I:
requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any
duration if hospitalization due to symptoms is required)
Bipolar Type II:
diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current
or past major depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days but
fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to
cause significant functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report
these
symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents
in the depression phase.
Cyclothymia:
involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive
symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major
depressive or manic/hypomanic episode.
,If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD:
antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-
cycling bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children
and adults younger than 25
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar disorder and
never as
________________.
monotherapy
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent
the onset of a hypomanic or manic episode
DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
Decreased positive
affect: depressed
mood
loss of joy
lack of
interest loss
of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-
confidence appetite
changes
,5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
Increased negative
affect: depressed
mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes
monoamine hypothesis of depression
-depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three
monoamine transmitters
• serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
-while mania may result from an excess
Medication Management for Depression, First-Line Treatment:
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI)
• Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitors (SARIs)
, SSRI's
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT
reuptake Adverse
effects
-diarrhea
-headache
-weight gain
-sexual side effects
SNRI's
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy, focus)
• increase DA in prefrontal cortex (increase
cognition) Adverse effects
-elevated blood pressure
-anxiety
-insomnia
-constipation
