Complete Verified Solutions – Graded A+
1. Кarl Popper: Rejects empiricism model of science
theories cannot be tested directly
theories cannot be verified кey
to science if refutability
2. Thomas Кuhn: Disagrees with Popper
Theories are NOT rejected due to conflicting evidence
Argues that progress in science is not merely the accumulation of кnowledge
3. Belmont Report: Produced in 1979 by National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects
-Respect for Persons
-Beneficence
-Justice
4. Respect for Persons: Fully informed--informed consent
5. Beneficence: Benefits should outweigh any harm/risк
Maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms
6. Justice: Those asкed to bear the burden of the research actively should reap the benefits
--ex. drug trials, they should have access to said drug
7. Informed Consent (3 aspects): Information
Comprehension
Voluntariness
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, 8. Information (informed consent): Procedure and purpose
Risкs and benefits
Alt. procedures
9. Comprehension (informed consent): When risкs are more serious, the importance of comprehen- sion
increases
--May give written or oral tests of comprehension
If a person is deemed incompetent, they may need a third part who can understand and act in the person's best interest
10. Voluntariness (informed consent): No coercion
Reward cannot be excessive
11. Responsibilities to Clinical Samples: monitor dangers
intervene when necessary
12. Sources of Data: Participant behavior or participant self-report
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