Notes for introduction to organic chemistry

CH 16. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
16.1 ALDEHYDES AND KETONES & 16.2 NAMING


aldehyde carbonyl :

group bonded to H E -
H
O
'


simplest aldehyde H c' H
methanol formaldehyde only aldehyde w/ both sides H
'


on



formalin : a
quevous form of formaldehyde Cg )
'


IUPAC names


al
change e to
- -




no # needed to locate aldehyde because its
always at end automatic I

unsaturated al Kanal aikenal locate double bond
aldehyde : → t use # to

?
i. e
UH 2 propenal
-

.




common name derived from acid
corresponding carboxylic
'

-




" "

drop acid t
change k to
aldehyde
- -




acetic acid acetaldehyde
-


i.e .




ketone : carbonyl group bonded to 2 C
groups R -
ER
simplest ketone acetone
'
-




'


IUPAC names



change -
ane to -

one


# to
give carbonyl group lowest #


change # to locate double bond t
carbonyl
t
unsaturated ketone : -

ane to -

en one use
group
-

1. e .
but 3 -
-

en 2 one
- -




"
derived from naming aryl
"
common name Kyl group followed by ketone
'



or a




naming aldehyde t ketones w/ -

OH or -
NH a
group

carbonyl group gets lowest #
'




OH named t N H2 named # alphabetize like other substituents
hydroxy
t
-
- -

amino


10 H
O

3 4 methyl penta na I
1. e 4
hydroxy
-
- - -
z
s .
.

H