NU 185
EXAM 4
3
NCLEX Style Questions w/ Rationales
Medical-Surgical Nursing II
Galen College of Nursing
This Document Description:
This document contains NCLEX-style Exam
questions tailored to the NU 185 course at
Galen College of Nursing
It covers core topics assessed in the course
and reflects the actual exam format and question style.
Each question is followed by a correct answer and rationale
to support exam preparation.
,A nurse is educating a newly diagnosed diabetic patient.
Which of the following statements made by the patient
indicates understanding of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. "If I lose weight and exercise, I may be able to stop
taking insulin."
B. "My pancreas produces insulin, but not enough to meet
my needs."
C. "I will need to take insulin for the rest of my life."
D. "This type of diabetes usually develops in adulthood."
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the
complete absence of insulin production. These patients are
insulin-dependent for life. Choices A and B describe Type 2 DM,
and D is false because Type 1 typically begins in childhood.
A patient with a strong family history of diabetes presents
for a wellness check. The nurse identifies which of the
following findings as the greatest modifiable risk factor
for developing Type 2 Diabetes?
A. Family history of diabetes
B. Presence of hypertension
C. Sedentary lifestyle
D. History of viral illness
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: While genetics and hypertension are significant,
physical inactivity is a modifiable (changeable) risk factor.
Increasing activity can reduce insulin resistance and delay onset
of Type 2 DM.
A nurse is reviewing the difference between Type 1 and
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Which of the following correctly
explains a pathophysiological difference?
,A. Type 1 involves insulin resistance; Type 2 is complete
beta-cell destruction.
B. Type 1 patients may still produce some insulin in the
early stages.
C. Type 2 is associated with autoimmune beta-cell
destruction.
D. Type 2 involves insulin resistance and relative insulin
deficiency.
Correct Answer: D.
Rationale: Type 2 DM is characterized by insulin resistance and a
relative lack of insulin. Type 1 involves autoimmune destruction of
beta cells. A and C are reversed, and B is incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed Type
2 Diabetes. Which intervention is appropriate for initial
management?
A. Begin basal-bolus insulin therapy immediately
B. Educate about carbohydrate counting and administer
regular insulin
C. Encourage lifestyle changes and start oral
hypoglycemic agents
D. Administer glucagon intramuscularly once daily
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: Initial treatment for Type 2 DM often includes diet,
exercise, and oral medications such as metformin. Insulin is
usually reserved for later stages or severe cases. Glucagon is
used in hypoglycemia, not daily treatment.
A nurse is reviewing lab results of a patient with
suspected diabetes. Which finding would support a
diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
A. Hemoglobin A1c of 5.9%
B. Fasting blood glucose of 118 mg/dL
, C. Random plasma glucose of 210 mg/dL with polyuria
D. 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test result of 135 mg/dL
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: A random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL with
symptoms (e.g., polyuria) is diagnostic. A1c of 5.9% and fasting
glucose of 118 mg/dL are pre-diabetic, not diagnostic. OGTT of
135 is also in the prediabetic range.
A nurse is preparing a client for a fasting blood glucose
test. Which of the following instructions is most
appropriate?
A. "You may eat a light meal up to 4 hours before the
test."
B. "Drink a sugary drink 2 hours before the blood draw."
C. "Avoid food and drink, except water, for 8 hours before
the test."
D. "Take your oral antidiabetic medication the morning of
the test."
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: Fasting blood glucose requires an 8-hour fast, with
only water allowed. Antidiabetic meds are typically held until after
the blood draw to avoid false low results.
Which of the following statements by a client indicates
correct understanding of the oral glucose tolerance test?
A. "I'll fast for 24 hours before drinking the glucose
solution."
B. "I'll eat mostly carbs for 3 days before the test, then
fast for 8 hours."
C. "I need to avoid all carbs for 3 days before the test."
D. "I'll exercise vigorously right before the test to get my
blood sugar down."
EXAM 4
3
NCLEX Style Questions w/ Rationales
Medical-Surgical Nursing II
Galen College of Nursing
This Document Description:
This document contains NCLEX-style Exam
questions tailored to the NU 185 course at
Galen College of Nursing
It covers core topics assessed in the course
and reflects the actual exam format and question style.
Each question is followed by a correct answer and rationale
to support exam preparation.
,A nurse is educating a newly diagnosed diabetic patient.
Which of the following statements made by the patient
indicates understanding of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. "If I lose weight and exercise, I may be able to stop
taking insulin."
B. "My pancreas produces insulin, but not enough to meet
my needs."
C. "I will need to take insulin for the rest of my life."
D. "This type of diabetes usually develops in adulthood."
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the
complete absence of insulin production. These patients are
insulin-dependent for life. Choices A and B describe Type 2 DM,
and D is false because Type 1 typically begins in childhood.
A patient with a strong family history of diabetes presents
for a wellness check. The nurse identifies which of the
following findings as the greatest modifiable risk factor
for developing Type 2 Diabetes?
A. Family history of diabetes
B. Presence of hypertension
C. Sedentary lifestyle
D. History of viral illness
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: While genetics and hypertension are significant,
physical inactivity is a modifiable (changeable) risk factor.
Increasing activity can reduce insulin resistance and delay onset
of Type 2 DM.
A nurse is reviewing the difference between Type 1 and
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Which of the following correctly
explains a pathophysiological difference?
,A. Type 1 involves insulin resistance; Type 2 is complete
beta-cell destruction.
B. Type 1 patients may still produce some insulin in the
early stages.
C. Type 2 is associated with autoimmune beta-cell
destruction.
D. Type 2 involves insulin resistance and relative insulin
deficiency.
Correct Answer: D.
Rationale: Type 2 DM is characterized by insulin resistance and a
relative lack of insulin. Type 1 involves autoimmune destruction of
beta cells. A and C are reversed, and B is incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed Type
2 Diabetes. Which intervention is appropriate for initial
management?
A. Begin basal-bolus insulin therapy immediately
B. Educate about carbohydrate counting and administer
regular insulin
C. Encourage lifestyle changes and start oral
hypoglycemic agents
D. Administer glucagon intramuscularly once daily
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: Initial treatment for Type 2 DM often includes diet,
exercise, and oral medications such as metformin. Insulin is
usually reserved for later stages or severe cases. Glucagon is
used in hypoglycemia, not daily treatment.
A nurse is reviewing lab results of a patient with
suspected diabetes. Which finding would support a
diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
A. Hemoglobin A1c of 5.9%
B. Fasting blood glucose of 118 mg/dL
, C. Random plasma glucose of 210 mg/dL with polyuria
D. 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test result of 135 mg/dL
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: A random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL with
symptoms (e.g., polyuria) is diagnostic. A1c of 5.9% and fasting
glucose of 118 mg/dL are pre-diabetic, not diagnostic. OGTT of
135 is also in the prediabetic range.
A nurse is preparing a client for a fasting blood glucose
test. Which of the following instructions is most
appropriate?
A. "You may eat a light meal up to 4 hours before the
test."
B. "Drink a sugary drink 2 hours before the blood draw."
C. "Avoid food and drink, except water, for 8 hours before
the test."
D. "Take your oral antidiabetic medication the morning of
the test."
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: Fasting blood glucose requires an 8-hour fast, with
only water allowed. Antidiabetic meds are typically held until after
the blood draw to avoid false low results.
Which of the following statements by a client indicates
correct understanding of the oral glucose tolerance test?
A. "I'll fast for 24 hours before drinking the glucose
solution."
B. "I'll eat mostly carbs for 3 days before the test, then
fast for 8 hours."
C. "I need to avoid all carbs for 3 days before the test."
D. "I'll exercise vigorously right before the test to get my
blood sugar down."
