Cram the PANCE
FULL SET EXAM
GUIDANCE
2026
Questions and Answers
(A+ Grade Guarantee)
, "Antonio: Picture (bank on hill) + Ax"
MOI: impact on an abducted and externally rotated
Physical exam: abducted and externally rotated
What is the MOI for an anterior Hill Sachs: humeral head depression
dislocation of the shoulder? Bankart lesions: inferior glenoid fracture
Associated findings? Axillary nerve dysfunction: paresthesias on "patch" area of the
shoulder
"If you add your finger into a broken lightbulb, you will get
shocked"
What is the MOI for posterior MOI: seizure or electric shock
dislocations of the shoulder? Physical exam: adduction and internal rotation
Associated findings? Imaging: lightbulb sign
"My Volkswagen is in super condition"
What is the most common
complication is associated with Volkmann's contracture: flexion of the wrist, can lead to
supracodular fracture? And why compartment syndrome
is it important?
Fat pad inflammation found on imaging associated with elbow
injuries
Anterior fat pads: "a-ok", sometimes normal, not always associated
What is the difference between with fracture
anterior and posterior fat pads? Posterior fat pads: "always problematic", always associated with
fracture
"MUGR A to Z"
Monteggia: Proximal ulnar fracture with radial dislocation (proximal
What is difference between = A)
Monteggia and Galeazzi Galeazzi: Midshaft radial fracture with distal ulnar dislocation
fractures? (distal = Z)
MOI: overuse injury, wrist flexion/pronation, "golfers elbow"
Physical exam: pain with wrist flexion, pain over medial elbow
Muscle: flexor carpi radialis
What is the MOI of medial
epicondylitis? "Mini golf is fun" > Medial epicondyle, flexion
MOI: overuse injury, wrist extension, "tennis elbow"
What is the MOI of lateral Physical exam: pain with wrist extension, pain over lateral elbow
epicondylitis? Muscle: extensor carpi radialis brevis
2026
, CUB (little bear)
What are the distributions of Cubital tunnel syndrome: paresthesia starts at the little finger
paresthesias associated with (ulnar nerve distribution)
cubital and carpal tunnel Carpal tunnel syndrome: paresthesia starts at the thumb (median
syndromes? nerve distribution)
"Collie DOg"
How do you differentiate between Colles fractures are DOrsally angulated
distal radial fractures? Smith fractures are volarly angulated
"Apples with extra peanut butter are delicious"
What muscles are involved in De Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
Quervain tenosynovitis? Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
Complex regional PAINT syndrome
P: perspiration (autonomic dysfunction, sweating)
A: after injury (following a bone or soft tissue injury)
What is the presentation of I: inappropriate pain (out of proportion)
complex regional pain syndrome? N: nail changes (atrophic changes)
T: temperature changes (autonomic changes)
Fracture: shortened and externally rotated
What differentiates the Dislocation: internally rotated
presentation of hip fractures and
dislocations?
Leg-calve-perthese: painLess limp
Which hip condition is associated slipped capital Femoral epiphysis: painFul limp
with a painful and painless gait?
"Osgood Squatter de Knees"
Anterior knee pain exacerbated by activity (kneeling, squatting,
What is the clinical presentation jumping)
of Osgood-Schlatter? Tender tibial tubercle
LAChman test (ACL rearranged)
What is the most sensitive test for
ACL injury?
What is the clinical presentation "Pop and swell for the ACL"
for an ACL injury? Patient will have heard a "pop" and had swelling of the knee
What force causes a medial Force: valgus, force applied to the lateral aspect of the knee
Test: valgus stress test
collateral ligament injury?
Force: varus, force applied to the medial aspect of the knee
What force causes a lateral
collateral ligament injury? Test: varus stress test
2026
, "Pop, lock, and drop it"
Presentation: knee popping, locking with movement, "drop" - giving
What is the clinical presentation out
of a meniscal tear? MOI? MOI: twisting injury with planted foot
"Men is called Murray"
What is the physical exam test for
diagnosis of meniscal tear? McMurray test for diagnosis of meniscal tear
"Patellar-Female-Run syndrome"
What is the most common Demographic: female runner
demographic and presentation for Presentation: pain at the anterior knee with activity
patellofemoral syndrome?
ATF: "Always tears first"
What ligament is most commonly Anterior talofibular ligament
associated with lateral ankle
sprains?
M, M on side (3), M upside down (W)
M: Mortons neuroma
What are the clinical presentation 3: 3rd metatarsal space (burning pain)
for Morton's neuroma? W: most common in women
What is a Jones fracture? JONES has 5 letters > fracture of the 5th metatarsal
"If you put seafood on your PLATE, you will get gout"
P: pyrazinamide
L: loop diuretics
What medications commonly A: low dose aspirin (high dose reduces uric acid)
cause gout? T: thiazides
E: ethambutol
What joint is most commonly "Sumo Gout"
affected in pseudogout? Pseudogout most commonly affects the knees
Pseudogout: positive birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals (with a
What are the microscopic P)
findings for gout and Gout: negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals (no P)
pseudogout?
"Steve Jobs created APPLE PCS"
A: allopurinol
P: phenytoin
P: phenobarbital
L: lamotrigine
What are the common E: ethosuximide
medications that cause Stevens P: penicillin
Johnson Syndrome? C: carbimazipine
S: sulfonimides
"In February, I get ALL of my XOs"
Xanthene oxidase inhibitors: Febuxostat and Allopurinol (used for
What is the MOI and indications the treatment of chronic gout), decrease the production of uric acid
of xanthene oxidase inhibitors?
2026
FULL SET EXAM
GUIDANCE
2026
Questions and Answers
(A+ Grade Guarantee)
, "Antonio: Picture (bank on hill) + Ax"
MOI: impact on an abducted and externally rotated
Physical exam: abducted and externally rotated
What is the MOI for an anterior Hill Sachs: humeral head depression
dislocation of the shoulder? Bankart lesions: inferior glenoid fracture
Associated findings? Axillary nerve dysfunction: paresthesias on "patch" area of the
shoulder
"If you add your finger into a broken lightbulb, you will get
shocked"
What is the MOI for posterior MOI: seizure or electric shock
dislocations of the shoulder? Physical exam: adduction and internal rotation
Associated findings? Imaging: lightbulb sign
"My Volkswagen is in super condition"
What is the most common
complication is associated with Volkmann's contracture: flexion of the wrist, can lead to
supracodular fracture? And why compartment syndrome
is it important?
Fat pad inflammation found on imaging associated with elbow
injuries
Anterior fat pads: "a-ok", sometimes normal, not always associated
What is the difference between with fracture
anterior and posterior fat pads? Posterior fat pads: "always problematic", always associated with
fracture
"MUGR A to Z"
Monteggia: Proximal ulnar fracture with radial dislocation (proximal
What is difference between = A)
Monteggia and Galeazzi Galeazzi: Midshaft radial fracture with distal ulnar dislocation
fractures? (distal = Z)
MOI: overuse injury, wrist flexion/pronation, "golfers elbow"
Physical exam: pain with wrist flexion, pain over medial elbow
Muscle: flexor carpi radialis
What is the MOI of medial
epicondylitis? "Mini golf is fun" > Medial epicondyle, flexion
MOI: overuse injury, wrist extension, "tennis elbow"
What is the MOI of lateral Physical exam: pain with wrist extension, pain over lateral elbow
epicondylitis? Muscle: extensor carpi radialis brevis
2026
, CUB (little bear)
What are the distributions of Cubital tunnel syndrome: paresthesia starts at the little finger
paresthesias associated with (ulnar nerve distribution)
cubital and carpal tunnel Carpal tunnel syndrome: paresthesia starts at the thumb (median
syndromes? nerve distribution)
"Collie DOg"
How do you differentiate between Colles fractures are DOrsally angulated
distal radial fractures? Smith fractures are volarly angulated
"Apples with extra peanut butter are delicious"
What muscles are involved in De Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
Quervain tenosynovitis? Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
Complex regional PAINT syndrome
P: perspiration (autonomic dysfunction, sweating)
A: after injury (following a bone or soft tissue injury)
What is the presentation of I: inappropriate pain (out of proportion)
complex regional pain syndrome? N: nail changes (atrophic changes)
T: temperature changes (autonomic changes)
Fracture: shortened and externally rotated
What differentiates the Dislocation: internally rotated
presentation of hip fractures and
dislocations?
Leg-calve-perthese: painLess limp
Which hip condition is associated slipped capital Femoral epiphysis: painFul limp
with a painful and painless gait?
"Osgood Squatter de Knees"
Anterior knee pain exacerbated by activity (kneeling, squatting,
What is the clinical presentation jumping)
of Osgood-Schlatter? Tender tibial tubercle
LAChman test (ACL rearranged)
What is the most sensitive test for
ACL injury?
What is the clinical presentation "Pop and swell for the ACL"
for an ACL injury? Patient will have heard a "pop" and had swelling of the knee
What force causes a medial Force: valgus, force applied to the lateral aspect of the knee
Test: valgus stress test
collateral ligament injury?
Force: varus, force applied to the medial aspect of the knee
What force causes a lateral
collateral ligament injury? Test: varus stress test
2026
, "Pop, lock, and drop it"
Presentation: knee popping, locking with movement, "drop" - giving
What is the clinical presentation out
of a meniscal tear? MOI? MOI: twisting injury with planted foot
"Men is called Murray"
What is the physical exam test for
diagnosis of meniscal tear? McMurray test for diagnosis of meniscal tear
"Patellar-Female-Run syndrome"
What is the most common Demographic: female runner
demographic and presentation for Presentation: pain at the anterior knee with activity
patellofemoral syndrome?
ATF: "Always tears first"
What ligament is most commonly Anterior talofibular ligament
associated with lateral ankle
sprains?
M, M on side (3), M upside down (W)
M: Mortons neuroma
What are the clinical presentation 3: 3rd metatarsal space (burning pain)
for Morton's neuroma? W: most common in women
What is a Jones fracture? JONES has 5 letters > fracture of the 5th metatarsal
"If you put seafood on your PLATE, you will get gout"
P: pyrazinamide
L: loop diuretics
What medications commonly A: low dose aspirin (high dose reduces uric acid)
cause gout? T: thiazides
E: ethambutol
What joint is most commonly "Sumo Gout"
affected in pseudogout? Pseudogout most commonly affects the knees
Pseudogout: positive birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals (with a
What are the microscopic P)
findings for gout and Gout: negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals (no P)
pseudogout?
"Steve Jobs created APPLE PCS"
A: allopurinol
P: phenytoin
P: phenobarbital
L: lamotrigine
What are the common E: ethosuximide
medications that cause Stevens P: penicillin
Johnson Syndrome? C: carbimazipine
S: sulfonimides
"In February, I get ALL of my XOs"
Xanthene oxidase inhibitors: Febuxostat and Allopurinol (used for
What is the MOI and indications the treatment of chronic gout), decrease the production of uric acid
of xanthene oxidase inhibitors?
2026
