WCU PATHO FINAL TEST PREP
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
What is part of the interstitial lung disease? - Answer- A) Loss of alveolar walls
B) Immunological in nature
C) "honeycomb" x-ray
What are common characteristics of sarcoidosis? - Answer- A) Presence of CD4+ cells
B) Non-productive cough
C) Granulomas
D) Fatigue
E) Weight loss
F) Fever
What are clinical manifestations of pleural effusion? - Answer- A) Dyspnea
B) Diminished breath sounds
C) Tracheal shift
What is a risk factor for hypophosphatemia? - Answer- Antacids
Hyperparathyroidism is a risk factor for - Answer- Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia both - Answer- increase neuromuscular
excitability
What can cause metabolic acidosis? - Answer- Diarrhea
What is a sign of hypernatremia? - Answer- Confusion
What are manifestation of moderate to severe hypokalemia? - Answer- Muscle
weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias
What is a cause of hypomagnesemia? - Answer- Chronic alcoholism
Decreased urine output is a symptoms of clinical - Answer- Dehydration
Decreased antidiuretic hormone can cause - Answer- Hypernatremia
What are clinical manifestations of Hyponatremia? - Answer- A) Confusion
B) Lethargy
,C) Coma
D) Seizures
Metabolic alkalosis causes - Answer- Hypokalemia
What system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis? - Answer- Respiratory
The compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis - Answer- Hypoventilation
Hypoventilation can lead to - Answer- Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis causes - Answer- Hyperventilation
What is an early sign of metabolic acidosis? - Answer- Headache
Respiratory acidosis includes an increase in - Answer- Carbonic acid
Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is shown by - Answer- Elevated
bicarbonate ion concentration.
Kidneys are not able to excrete - Answer- Carbonic acid
What are the S/S of Ureteral (Kidney) Stones - Answer- 1. Pain, primary symptoms in
any acute episode- dull and constant pain caused by hydronephrosis is usally
associated with stone in the pelvis
2. nausea/vomiting
3. gross hematuria if the stone has rough edges
4. dysuria - pianful urination
5. abdominal distention
What is a common component of renal calculi? - Answer- Crystal aggregates made of
organic and inorganic material located within urinary tract, aka renal stones
What is polycystic kidney disease? - Answer- Inherited defect leading to bilateral
enlarged kidneys with cysts in the renal cortex and medulla
Glomerulonephritis - Answer- Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys from injury or
illness; leads to impaired kidney function; also called glomerular disease
What are the s/s of renal cancer? - Answer- Chronic painless hematuria
Uric acid crystals in renal calculi from - Answer- Gouty arthritis
What is acute and chronic pyelonephritis? - Answer- Acute Pyelonephritis: Infection of
renal pelvis/parenchyma usually from an ascending UTI
, Chronic pyelonephritis: Chronic inflammation of the kidneys
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) - Answer- Damage to the renal tubules due to presence
of toxins in the urine or to ischemia. Results in oliguria.
The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by
a. fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance.
b. fever and diminishing cognition.
c. sodium retention and potassium loss in the urine.
d. magnesium and phosphorous loss in the urine. - Answer- A
The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is
a. insufficient erythropoietin.
b. blood loss secondary to hematuria.
c. vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to deficient intrinsic factor.
d. iron deficiency - Answer- A
Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and
spontaneous bone fractures, because
a. excess potassium leaches calcium from bone.
b. erythropoietin secretion is impaired.
c. urea causes demineralization of bone.
d. they are deficient in active vitamin D. - Answer- D
Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by
a. chronic loss of blood in the urine.
b. poor appetite, with lack of iron intake.
c. decreased secretion of erythropoietin.
d. increased secretion of aldosterone. - Answer- C
One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is
a. hypertension.
b. glomerulonephritis.
c. chronic pyelonephritis.
d. polycystic kidney disease. - Answer- A
Ischemia leads to - Answer- Acute Tubular Necrosis
The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most
immediately life threatening is - Answer- Hyperkalemia
What is most frequent and initial symptom of bladder cancer? - Answer- Hematuria
Vesicoureteral reflux can lead to - Answer- Recurrent cystitis
What is the cause for a majority of urinary tract infections? - Answer- E. coli
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
What is part of the interstitial lung disease? - Answer- A) Loss of alveolar walls
B) Immunological in nature
C) "honeycomb" x-ray
What are common characteristics of sarcoidosis? - Answer- A) Presence of CD4+ cells
B) Non-productive cough
C) Granulomas
D) Fatigue
E) Weight loss
F) Fever
What are clinical manifestations of pleural effusion? - Answer- A) Dyspnea
B) Diminished breath sounds
C) Tracheal shift
What is a risk factor for hypophosphatemia? - Answer- Antacids
Hyperparathyroidism is a risk factor for - Answer- Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia both - Answer- increase neuromuscular
excitability
What can cause metabolic acidosis? - Answer- Diarrhea
What is a sign of hypernatremia? - Answer- Confusion
What are manifestation of moderate to severe hypokalemia? - Answer- Muscle
weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias
What is a cause of hypomagnesemia? - Answer- Chronic alcoholism
Decreased urine output is a symptoms of clinical - Answer- Dehydration
Decreased antidiuretic hormone can cause - Answer- Hypernatremia
What are clinical manifestations of Hyponatremia? - Answer- A) Confusion
B) Lethargy
,C) Coma
D) Seizures
Metabolic alkalosis causes - Answer- Hypokalemia
What system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis? - Answer- Respiratory
The compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis - Answer- Hypoventilation
Hypoventilation can lead to - Answer- Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis causes - Answer- Hyperventilation
What is an early sign of metabolic acidosis? - Answer- Headache
Respiratory acidosis includes an increase in - Answer- Carbonic acid
Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is shown by - Answer- Elevated
bicarbonate ion concentration.
Kidneys are not able to excrete - Answer- Carbonic acid
What are the S/S of Ureteral (Kidney) Stones - Answer- 1. Pain, primary symptoms in
any acute episode- dull and constant pain caused by hydronephrosis is usally
associated with stone in the pelvis
2. nausea/vomiting
3. gross hematuria if the stone has rough edges
4. dysuria - pianful urination
5. abdominal distention
What is a common component of renal calculi? - Answer- Crystal aggregates made of
organic and inorganic material located within urinary tract, aka renal stones
What is polycystic kidney disease? - Answer- Inherited defect leading to bilateral
enlarged kidneys with cysts in the renal cortex and medulla
Glomerulonephritis - Answer- Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys from injury or
illness; leads to impaired kidney function; also called glomerular disease
What are the s/s of renal cancer? - Answer- Chronic painless hematuria
Uric acid crystals in renal calculi from - Answer- Gouty arthritis
What is acute and chronic pyelonephritis? - Answer- Acute Pyelonephritis: Infection of
renal pelvis/parenchyma usually from an ascending UTI
, Chronic pyelonephritis: Chronic inflammation of the kidneys
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) - Answer- Damage to the renal tubules due to presence
of toxins in the urine or to ischemia. Results in oliguria.
The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by
a. fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance.
b. fever and diminishing cognition.
c. sodium retention and potassium loss in the urine.
d. magnesium and phosphorous loss in the urine. - Answer- A
The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is
a. insufficient erythropoietin.
b. blood loss secondary to hematuria.
c. vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to deficient intrinsic factor.
d. iron deficiency - Answer- A
Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and
spontaneous bone fractures, because
a. excess potassium leaches calcium from bone.
b. erythropoietin secretion is impaired.
c. urea causes demineralization of bone.
d. they are deficient in active vitamin D. - Answer- D
Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by
a. chronic loss of blood in the urine.
b. poor appetite, with lack of iron intake.
c. decreased secretion of erythropoietin.
d. increased secretion of aldosterone. - Answer- C
One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is
a. hypertension.
b. glomerulonephritis.
c. chronic pyelonephritis.
d. polycystic kidney disease. - Answer- A
Ischemia leads to - Answer- Acute Tubular Necrosis
The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most
immediately life threatening is - Answer- Hyperkalemia
What is most frequent and initial symptom of bladder cancer? - Answer- Hematuria
Vesicoureteral reflux can lead to - Answer- Recurrent cystitis
What is the cause for a majority of urinary tract infections? - Answer- E. coli
