WGU C190 Intro to biology 2025 (based off of the study guide provided by
the school) Unit 7 and 9 study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ijq1k2
1. (Module 18: DNA -Sugar-Phosphate Backbone: forms the structural framework of DNA
function) DNA -Nucleotides: Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C)
structure -Hydrogen bonds: connections between complementary bases
-Antiparallel DNA strands: Strands run in opposite directions, contributing to the
double helix structure
2. (Module 18: DNA DNA -> RNA -> Protein
function) Central -DNA replication
Dogma -Transcription: DNA is transcribed to create RNA
-Translation: RNA is translated to synthesize proteins
-In RNA, Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T)
3. (Module 18: DNA -Begins with DNA
function) Tran- -mRNA is synthesized and then transported for further processing into protein
scription Process -Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to a promoter
-Elongation: RNA strand grows during transcription
-Termination: Process ends at a stop sequence
1/8
, WGU C190 Intro to biology 2025 (based off of the study guide provided by
the school) Unit 7 and 9 study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ijq1k2
4. (Module 18: DNA -Amino acids: Derived from mRNA codons
function) Transla- -Associated condons for specific amino acids including:
tion process -AUG
-UAA
-Overview of a condon structure and its importance in protein synthesis
5. (Module 18: DNA -mRNA carries genetic code
function) Compo- -tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis
nents of Transla- -Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis-large and small subunits
tion
6. (Module 18: DNA -Describes the interactions of tRNA during peptide bond formation
function) Peptide -incoming tRNA brings amino acids
chain formation -Growing peptide chain juxtaposed with empty tRNA post bond formation
7. (Module 18: DNA -Discusses potential mutations and their effects on resulting proteins
function) Wild (frameshifts)
type vs Mutated -Changes in amino acid sequences, which can lead to altered protein function or
mRNA stability
-Potentially truncated proteins due to early stop condons introduced by mutations
2/8
the school) Unit 7 and 9 study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ijq1k2
1. (Module 18: DNA -Sugar-Phosphate Backbone: forms the structural framework of DNA
function) DNA -Nucleotides: Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C)
structure -Hydrogen bonds: connections between complementary bases
-Antiparallel DNA strands: Strands run in opposite directions, contributing to the
double helix structure
2. (Module 18: DNA DNA -> RNA -> Protein
function) Central -DNA replication
Dogma -Transcription: DNA is transcribed to create RNA
-Translation: RNA is translated to synthesize proteins
-In RNA, Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T)
3. (Module 18: DNA -Begins with DNA
function) Tran- -mRNA is synthesized and then transported for further processing into protein
scription Process -Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to a promoter
-Elongation: RNA strand grows during transcription
-Termination: Process ends at a stop sequence
1/8
, WGU C190 Intro to biology 2025 (based off of the study guide provided by
the school) Unit 7 and 9 study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ijq1k2
4. (Module 18: DNA -Amino acids: Derived from mRNA codons
function) Transla- -Associated condons for specific amino acids including:
tion process -AUG
-UAA
-Overview of a condon structure and its importance in protein synthesis
5. (Module 18: DNA -mRNA carries genetic code
function) Compo- -tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis
nents of Transla- -Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis-large and small subunits
tion
6. (Module 18: DNA -Describes the interactions of tRNA during peptide bond formation
function) Peptide -incoming tRNA brings amino acids
chain formation -Growing peptide chain juxtaposed with empty tRNA post bond formation
7. (Module 18: DNA -Discusses potential mutations and their effects on resulting proteins
function) Wild (frameshifts)
type vs Mutated -Changes in amino acid sequences, which can lead to altered protein function or
mRNA stability
-Potentially truncated proteins due to early stop condons introduced by mutations
2/8
