PANCE_ Musculoskeletal
2025 and 2026
Exam
2026
Questions and Answers
(A+ Grade Guarantee)
, An autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of
What is Antiphospholipid antiphospholipid antibodies, leading to recurrent venous and
Syndrome (APS)? arterial thromboses
recurrent blood clots, unexplained strokes, or pregnancy
How does Antiphospholipid complications such as recurrent miscarriages or preeclampsia.
Syndrome (APS) typically
present?
ELISA (IgG, IgM), Anti-Beta 2 glycoprotein 1 autoantibodies, and
What are the ways in which lupus anticoagulant
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
(APS) can be diagnosed?
Warfarin for life (INR 2-3)
What is the tx for
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
(APS)?
Enoxaparin (LMWH) + Aspirin
What is the tx for pregnant
patients with Antiphospholipid
Syndrome (APS)?
a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs,
What is Systemic Lupus causing inflammation, tissue damage, and a wide range of
Erythematosus (SLE)? symptoms including joint pain, rash, and fatigue.
What is the M/C RF for Systemic Increased estrogen in females of reproductive age (20-40)
Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Type III hypersensitivity reaction involving antigen-antibody
What is the patho for Systemic
Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)? immune complexes
Joint pain, fever, and malar "butterfly" rash on cheeks/nose that
What is the classic triad for spares the nasolabial folds
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE)?
Pericarditis
What is the M/C cardiac
manifestation of Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE)?
fatigue, joint pain, fever, malar rash, photosensitivity, and organ-
How does Systemic Lupus specific symptoms such as kidney involvement, heart involvement,
Erythematosus (SLE) typically and hematologic abnormalities.
present?
Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) (most sensitive)
What is the initial screening test
of choice for Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE)?
Anti-Smith
What is the most specific test for
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE)?
2026
, Anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
What diagnostic testing is used in
monitoring response to treatment
for Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE)?
decreased dsDNA and increased compliment
On Anti-double-stranded DNA
(dsDNA) testing, what would you
see if someone was responding
well to Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE) treatment?
Sunscreen while outdoors and avoiding prolonged sun exposure
What is a key protective measure
for Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE)?
Hydroxycholorquine
What is the tx for mild (skin, joint
and/or mucosal involvement)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE) and the mainstay tx overall
for the condition?
Hydroxychloroquine + Glucocorticoid (Prednisone)
What is the tx for moderate
(significant but non-organ-
threatening) Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE)?
High-dose oral glucocorticoids or intermittent IV pulses of
What is the tx for severe (Life or Methylprednisolone
organ-threatening) Systemic
Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Retinal toxicity (Requires regular eye exams)
What is an adverse effect of
Hydroxychloroquine?
a lupus-like syndrome caused by certain medications, presenting
What is drug-induced lupus with symptoms similar to SLE but usually resolving after the
(DIL)? offending drug is discontinued.
What drug M/C causes drug- Procainamide
induced lupus (DIL)?
Quinn does drugs, so I need to put her on my HIP: Quinidine,
What is an easy mnemonic to Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide
remember all the drugs that
cause drug-induced lupus (DIL)?
Anti-histone antibodies
What is the hallmark diagnostic
modality for drug-induced lupus
(DIL)?
2026
, a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily causes dry eyes and
dry mouth due to lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, and
What is Sjogren Syndrome? may also affect other organs.
Who M/C is affected by Sjogren 40-60 y/o Females
Syndrome?
dry eyes, dry mouth, vaginal dryness, difficulty swallowing, bilateral
How does Sjogren Syndrome parotid gland enlargement and sometimes fatigue or joint pain
typically present?
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Sjogren Syndrome increases the
risk of what complication?
Anti SSA/Ro and Anti SSB/La (+ Antinuclear antibodies (ANA))
What are the best initial tests for
Sjogren Syndrome?
Minor salivary gland (lip) biopsy
What is the criterion standard and
definitive diagnosis for Sjogren
Syndrome?
What is the tx of choice for Pilocarpine (Or Cevimeline), increased fluid intake, and artificial
tears
Sjogren Syndrome?
an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by muscle
What is Dermatomyositis (DM)? weakness and skin manifestations
Can't comb hair and can't get out of chairs
What is an easy mnemonic to
remember the manifestations of
Dermatomyositis (DM)?
Symmetric proximal muscle weakness and distinctive skin rashes,
including a heliotrope rash (reddish-purple, scaly rash on the upper
eyelids), and Gottron's papules (small, reddish-purple bumps that
How does Dermatomyositis (DM) typically appear on the knuckles, elbows, knees, and ankles)
typically present?
What is the most specific test for Anti-Mi-2
Dermatomyositis (DM)?
What is the definitive diagnosis Muscle biopsy (CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration of the perimysium)
for Dermatomyositis (DM)?
High-dose glucocorticoids
What is the initial tx for
Dermatomyositis (DM)?
an inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes symmetric
proximal muscle weakness without the skin involvement seen in
What is Polymyositis (PM)? dermatomyositis.
What is the patho for CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration of the endomysium
Polymyositis (PM)?
2026
2025 and 2026
Exam
2026
Questions and Answers
(A+ Grade Guarantee)
, An autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of
What is Antiphospholipid antiphospholipid antibodies, leading to recurrent venous and
Syndrome (APS)? arterial thromboses
recurrent blood clots, unexplained strokes, or pregnancy
How does Antiphospholipid complications such as recurrent miscarriages or preeclampsia.
Syndrome (APS) typically
present?
ELISA (IgG, IgM), Anti-Beta 2 glycoprotein 1 autoantibodies, and
What are the ways in which lupus anticoagulant
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
(APS) can be diagnosed?
Warfarin for life (INR 2-3)
What is the tx for
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
(APS)?
Enoxaparin (LMWH) + Aspirin
What is the tx for pregnant
patients with Antiphospholipid
Syndrome (APS)?
a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs,
What is Systemic Lupus causing inflammation, tissue damage, and a wide range of
Erythematosus (SLE)? symptoms including joint pain, rash, and fatigue.
What is the M/C RF for Systemic Increased estrogen in females of reproductive age (20-40)
Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Type III hypersensitivity reaction involving antigen-antibody
What is the patho for Systemic
Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)? immune complexes
Joint pain, fever, and malar "butterfly" rash on cheeks/nose that
What is the classic triad for spares the nasolabial folds
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE)?
Pericarditis
What is the M/C cardiac
manifestation of Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE)?
fatigue, joint pain, fever, malar rash, photosensitivity, and organ-
How does Systemic Lupus specific symptoms such as kidney involvement, heart involvement,
Erythematosus (SLE) typically and hematologic abnormalities.
present?
Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) (most sensitive)
What is the initial screening test
of choice for Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE)?
Anti-Smith
What is the most specific test for
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE)?
2026
, Anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
What diagnostic testing is used in
monitoring response to treatment
for Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE)?
decreased dsDNA and increased compliment
On Anti-double-stranded DNA
(dsDNA) testing, what would you
see if someone was responding
well to Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE) treatment?
Sunscreen while outdoors and avoiding prolonged sun exposure
What is a key protective measure
for Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE)?
Hydroxycholorquine
What is the tx for mild (skin, joint
and/or mucosal involvement)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE) and the mainstay tx overall
for the condition?
Hydroxychloroquine + Glucocorticoid (Prednisone)
What is the tx for moderate
(significant but non-organ-
threatening) Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE)?
High-dose oral glucocorticoids or intermittent IV pulses of
What is the tx for severe (Life or Methylprednisolone
organ-threatening) Systemic
Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Retinal toxicity (Requires regular eye exams)
What is an adverse effect of
Hydroxychloroquine?
a lupus-like syndrome caused by certain medications, presenting
What is drug-induced lupus with symptoms similar to SLE but usually resolving after the
(DIL)? offending drug is discontinued.
What drug M/C causes drug- Procainamide
induced lupus (DIL)?
Quinn does drugs, so I need to put her on my HIP: Quinidine,
What is an easy mnemonic to Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide
remember all the drugs that
cause drug-induced lupus (DIL)?
Anti-histone antibodies
What is the hallmark diagnostic
modality for drug-induced lupus
(DIL)?
2026
, a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily causes dry eyes and
dry mouth due to lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, and
What is Sjogren Syndrome? may also affect other organs.
Who M/C is affected by Sjogren 40-60 y/o Females
Syndrome?
dry eyes, dry mouth, vaginal dryness, difficulty swallowing, bilateral
How does Sjogren Syndrome parotid gland enlargement and sometimes fatigue or joint pain
typically present?
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Sjogren Syndrome increases the
risk of what complication?
Anti SSA/Ro and Anti SSB/La (+ Antinuclear antibodies (ANA))
What are the best initial tests for
Sjogren Syndrome?
Minor salivary gland (lip) biopsy
What is the criterion standard and
definitive diagnosis for Sjogren
Syndrome?
What is the tx of choice for Pilocarpine (Or Cevimeline), increased fluid intake, and artificial
tears
Sjogren Syndrome?
an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by muscle
What is Dermatomyositis (DM)? weakness and skin manifestations
Can't comb hair and can't get out of chairs
What is an easy mnemonic to
remember the manifestations of
Dermatomyositis (DM)?
Symmetric proximal muscle weakness and distinctive skin rashes,
including a heliotrope rash (reddish-purple, scaly rash on the upper
eyelids), and Gottron's papules (small, reddish-purple bumps that
How does Dermatomyositis (DM) typically appear on the knuckles, elbows, knees, and ankles)
typically present?
What is the most specific test for Anti-Mi-2
Dermatomyositis (DM)?
What is the definitive diagnosis Muscle biopsy (CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration of the perimysium)
for Dermatomyositis (DM)?
High-dose glucocorticoids
What is the initial tx for
Dermatomyositis (DM)?
an inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes symmetric
proximal muscle weakness without the skin involvement seen in
What is Polymyositis (PM)? dermatomyositis.
What is the patho for CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration of the endomysium
Polymyositis (PM)?
2026
