COKO Exam Questions And Answers
100% Correct
What muscles make up the Rotator Cuff Complex? –"SITS" Supraspinatus,
Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Stretch or partial damage of the ligaments, no displacement, and pain with abduction
past 90 degrees. - What are the signs and symptoms of 1st degree AC ( Acromion
clavicular) Joint Sprain?
What are the signs and symptoms of 2nd degree AC Joint Sprain? - Rupture of
ligaments, clavicle shifted superiorly, and pain with compression of the clavicle and
pain with passive horizontal adduction (When the arm is abducted 90degrees and
the bringing it in medially).
What are the signs and symptoms of 3rd degree AC Joint Sprain? - Rupture of many
ligaments, very painful
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Medial Epicondylitis -
Medial Epicondylitis (Also known as golfer's elbow) is a chronic injury that occurs
from overuse of the forearm flexors (Gripping). This is seen as repeated valgus stress
to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Lateral Epicondylitis -
Lateral Epicondylitis (also known as tennis elbow) is a chronic injury that occurs
from overuse of forearm extensors (gripping).
This is seen as repeated varus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - A condition caused by compression of the median nerve in
the carpal tunnel and characterized especially by weakness, pain, and disturbances
of sensation in the hand and fingers.
Usually done by repetitive overuse or direct trauma.
Symptoms:
Pain at night, relief with shaking hand.
Pain on the palmar side.
Grip & Pinch limited
May worsen when the wrist is fully extended of flexed with gripping.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, and
Loss of Function
,What sort of diet may aid in pain reduction? - A ketogenic diet has anti-inflammatory
properties, thus decreases inflammation and reduces pain.
Which two joints make up the knee joint? - Tibiofemoral Joint & Patellofemoral Joint
Tommy comes into the clinic with a swollen knee and can't extend or flex his knee.
He is unable to weight bear or walk. He explains this happened when he was
changing direction in soccer. What do these clinical symptoms most likely represent?
- ACL Tear
Christina comes into your clinic and complains that while she was playing volleyball
she hurt her knee while it was flexed she complains of "knee clicking/locking" and
you notice she has limited ROM and has tenderness in the knee joint line. What do
these clinical symptoms most likely represent? - Meniscal Tear
What is the function of adipose tissue? - provides reserve food fuel; insulates against
heat loss; supports and protects organs
What is blood made of? - plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the hip? - Answer:
Flexion/extension (Sagittal Plane), Adduction/Abduction (Frontal Plane),
Internal/External Rotation (Transverse)
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the knee? - Flexion/extension
in sagittal plane
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the ankle? - Plantar flexion/
Dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane. Inversion & Eversion
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the shoulder? - Answer:
Flexion/Extension (Sagittal plane), Abduction/Adduction (frontal plane),
Internal/External Rotation (Transverse plane).
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the elbow? -
Flexion/Extension in sagittal plane
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the spine? -
Flexion/extension (Sagittal plane), Lateral bending (Frontal), Rotation (Transverse)
What is joint stability determined by? - Geometry of articular surfaces, periarticular
passive tissues, periarticular muscles.
,Where is red bone marrow found in the bone and what is its function? - Red bone
marrow is found in the Epiphysis region of the bone and it's the area that produces
red blood cells (this process is called hematopoiesis).
What are the pros and cons for taking Bisphosphonates for bone remodeling? -
Bisphosphonates are a class of drug that reduces bone loss. It is also proven to
enhance bone density and reduce fracture incident in women. However the cons are
that if there is a prolonged use past 4 years, this will increase the risk of atypical
fracture.
What key features of physical rehabilitation programs aim to optimize bone health? -
Cyclic loading with high strain rates and regular rest/recovery.
Does whole-body vibration have an effect on bone remodeling? - Answer: Whole
body vibration may be an effective strategy for young women to achieve peak bone
mass and shave off osteoporosis later on in life.
What are two factors that affect a joints range of motion? - Elastic Modulus and
Tensile Strength.
The interaction of proteoglycans, collagen, and water in hyaline cartilage has what
effect? - Impart strength and resilience to cartilage.
A young lady comes into the clinic with intra-articular swelling in the knee region.
You perform a deep-knee test but the individual feels no pain. She explains she
injured it when she was carrying a heavy box and turned/twisted her knee. You also
notice there is popping/clicking. What possible injury does she have? - Meniscus tear
A patient has come into the clinic with CAD. Explain the routine assessment of
exercise that should be performed on this patient based on the guidelines for
exercise testing by ACSM. - The following should be monitored: HR, BP, Body weight
(BW), symptoms or signs that they are undergoing a change in clinical status (light
headiness, dizziness, irregular pulse, etc.), ECG/HR surveillance (using technology).
What is axial force? - Acting along the long axis of a structure.
What is compressive force? - force that tends to shorten or squeeze something,
decreasing its volume
What is tension force? - "pulling apart force" opposite of compressive
What is shear force? - force acting on a substance in a direction perpendicular to the
extension of the substance
When does an injury occur? - When the load exceeds a tissue's maximum tolerance.
, When do cumulative trauma disorders occur? - When the injury results from
repeated loads with insufficient time to recover.
What is elasticity? - ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length after
stretched
What is Plasticity? - Tendency to assume a new and greater length after a passive
stretch (Flexible).
What is a ligament sprain? - Partial or complete tear of a ligament due to the joint
moving beyond the range of motion.
What is the purpose of inflammation during an injury? - Get rid of an irritant and
promote and repair healing of the damaged tissue.
In the ATP-PC cycle what is the:
1. Major Energy Source
2. Rate of ATP Production - Major energy source is Creatine Phosphate which
provides ATP very quick (Quickest) & uses no oxygen.
In the Glycolysis Cycle what is the:
1. Major Energy Source
2. Rate of ATP Production - Major energy source is glucose and it takes 10 reactions
(2nd fastest) & uses no energy so it cant be sustained for long
In the Aerobic Respiration cycle what is the:
1. Major Energy Source
2. Rate of ATP Production - Major energy source is everything it is sluggish and the
slowest. It uses oxygen so can be used for a long time.
What is a Muscle Twitch? - a motor unit's response to a single action potential of its
motor neuron
Characteristics of type 1 muscle fibre - This muscle is known to be "Slow Oxidative"
-it is slow in contracting.
-Uses oxygen
-Has lots of mitochondria, capillaries, myoglobin
-Low amounts of glycogen
-Fatigue resistant
ex: Running a Marathon
Characteristics of type IIa muscle fibre - This muscle is known to be "Fast Oxidative"
-it is fast in contracting.
-Uses oxygen
-some mitochondria, capillaries, myoglobin
-some amounts of glycogen
100% Correct
What muscles make up the Rotator Cuff Complex? –"SITS" Supraspinatus,
Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Stretch or partial damage of the ligaments, no displacement, and pain with abduction
past 90 degrees. - What are the signs and symptoms of 1st degree AC ( Acromion
clavicular) Joint Sprain?
What are the signs and symptoms of 2nd degree AC Joint Sprain? - Rupture of
ligaments, clavicle shifted superiorly, and pain with compression of the clavicle and
pain with passive horizontal adduction (When the arm is abducted 90degrees and
the bringing it in medially).
What are the signs and symptoms of 3rd degree AC Joint Sprain? - Rupture of many
ligaments, very painful
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Medial Epicondylitis -
Medial Epicondylitis (Also known as golfer's elbow) is a chronic injury that occurs
from overuse of the forearm flexors (Gripping). This is seen as repeated valgus stress
to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Lateral Epicondylitis -
Lateral Epicondylitis (also known as tennis elbow) is a chronic injury that occurs
from overuse of forearm extensors (gripping).
This is seen as repeated varus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - A condition caused by compression of the median nerve in
the carpal tunnel and characterized especially by weakness, pain, and disturbances
of sensation in the hand and fingers.
Usually done by repetitive overuse or direct trauma.
Symptoms:
Pain at night, relief with shaking hand.
Pain on the palmar side.
Grip & Pinch limited
May worsen when the wrist is fully extended of flexed with gripping.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, and
Loss of Function
,What sort of diet may aid in pain reduction? - A ketogenic diet has anti-inflammatory
properties, thus decreases inflammation and reduces pain.
Which two joints make up the knee joint? - Tibiofemoral Joint & Patellofemoral Joint
Tommy comes into the clinic with a swollen knee and can't extend or flex his knee.
He is unable to weight bear or walk. He explains this happened when he was
changing direction in soccer. What do these clinical symptoms most likely represent?
- ACL Tear
Christina comes into your clinic and complains that while she was playing volleyball
she hurt her knee while it was flexed she complains of "knee clicking/locking" and
you notice she has limited ROM and has tenderness in the knee joint line. What do
these clinical symptoms most likely represent? - Meniscal Tear
What is the function of adipose tissue? - provides reserve food fuel; insulates against
heat loss; supports and protects organs
What is blood made of? - plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the hip? - Answer:
Flexion/extension (Sagittal Plane), Adduction/Abduction (Frontal Plane),
Internal/External Rotation (Transverse)
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the knee? - Flexion/extension
in sagittal plane
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the ankle? - Plantar flexion/
Dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane. Inversion & Eversion
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the shoulder? - Answer:
Flexion/Extension (Sagittal plane), Abduction/Adduction (frontal plane),
Internal/External Rotation (Transverse plane).
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the elbow? -
Flexion/Extension in sagittal plane
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the spine? -
Flexion/extension (Sagittal plane), Lateral bending (Frontal), Rotation (Transverse)
What is joint stability determined by? - Geometry of articular surfaces, periarticular
passive tissues, periarticular muscles.
,Where is red bone marrow found in the bone and what is its function? - Red bone
marrow is found in the Epiphysis region of the bone and it's the area that produces
red blood cells (this process is called hematopoiesis).
What are the pros and cons for taking Bisphosphonates for bone remodeling? -
Bisphosphonates are a class of drug that reduces bone loss. It is also proven to
enhance bone density and reduce fracture incident in women. However the cons are
that if there is a prolonged use past 4 years, this will increase the risk of atypical
fracture.
What key features of physical rehabilitation programs aim to optimize bone health? -
Cyclic loading with high strain rates and regular rest/recovery.
Does whole-body vibration have an effect on bone remodeling? - Answer: Whole
body vibration may be an effective strategy for young women to achieve peak bone
mass and shave off osteoporosis later on in life.
What are two factors that affect a joints range of motion? - Elastic Modulus and
Tensile Strength.
The interaction of proteoglycans, collagen, and water in hyaline cartilage has what
effect? - Impart strength and resilience to cartilage.
A young lady comes into the clinic with intra-articular swelling in the knee region.
You perform a deep-knee test but the individual feels no pain. She explains she
injured it when she was carrying a heavy box and turned/twisted her knee. You also
notice there is popping/clicking. What possible injury does she have? - Meniscus tear
A patient has come into the clinic with CAD. Explain the routine assessment of
exercise that should be performed on this patient based on the guidelines for
exercise testing by ACSM. - The following should be monitored: HR, BP, Body weight
(BW), symptoms or signs that they are undergoing a change in clinical status (light
headiness, dizziness, irregular pulse, etc.), ECG/HR surveillance (using technology).
What is axial force? - Acting along the long axis of a structure.
What is compressive force? - force that tends to shorten or squeeze something,
decreasing its volume
What is tension force? - "pulling apart force" opposite of compressive
What is shear force? - force acting on a substance in a direction perpendicular to the
extension of the substance
When does an injury occur? - When the load exceeds a tissue's maximum tolerance.
, When do cumulative trauma disorders occur? - When the injury results from
repeated loads with insufficient time to recover.
What is elasticity? - ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length after
stretched
What is Plasticity? - Tendency to assume a new and greater length after a passive
stretch (Flexible).
What is a ligament sprain? - Partial or complete tear of a ligament due to the joint
moving beyond the range of motion.
What is the purpose of inflammation during an injury? - Get rid of an irritant and
promote and repair healing of the damaged tissue.
In the ATP-PC cycle what is the:
1. Major Energy Source
2. Rate of ATP Production - Major energy source is Creatine Phosphate which
provides ATP very quick (Quickest) & uses no oxygen.
In the Glycolysis Cycle what is the:
1. Major Energy Source
2. Rate of ATP Production - Major energy source is glucose and it takes 10 reactions
(2nd fastest) & uses no energy so it cant be sustained for long
In the Aerobic Respiration cycle what is the:
1. Major Energy Source
2. Rate of ATP Production - Major energy source is everything it is sluggish and the
slowest. It uses oxygen so can be used for a long time.
What is a Muscle Twitch? - a motor unit's response to a single action potential of its
motor neuron
Characteristics of type 1 muscle fibre - This muscle is known to be "Slow Oxidative"
-it is slow in contracting.
-Uses oxygen
-Has lots of mitochondria, capillaries, myoglobin
-Low amounts of glycogen
-Fatigue resistant
ex: Running a Marathon
Characteristics of type IIa muscle fibre - This muscle is known to be "Fast Oxidative"
-it is fast in contracting.
-Uses oxygen
-some mitochondria, capillaries, myoglobin
-some amounts of glycogen
