NCE NATIONAL COUNSELOR
EXAMINATION BUNDLED EXAM PRACTICE
EXAMINATION SCRIPT 2026 DETAILED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Adlerian Theory Theorists. Answer: Alfred Adler, Rudolf Dreikers
⩥ Existential Theory Theorists. Answer: Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, Irvin
Yalom
⩥ Person-Centered Theorists. Answer: Carl Rogers
⩥ Gestalt Theory Theorists. Answer: Fritz and Laura Perls, Miriam and
Erving Polster
⩥ Behavior Theory Theorists. Answer: B.F. Skinner, Arnold Lazarus,
Albert Bandura
⩥ Cognitive Behavioral Theorists. Answer: A.T. Beck, Judith Beck,
Donald Meichenbaum
⩥ Rational Emotive Therapy Theorists. Answer: Albert Ellis
,⩥ Reality Therapy Theorists. Answer: William Glasser, Robert
Wubbolding
⩥ Feminist Therapy Theorists. Answer: Jean Baker Miller, Carolyn
Zerbe Enns, Olivia Espin, Laura Brown
⩥ Solution Focused Brief Therapy Theorists. Answer: Steve de Shazer,
Insoo Kim Berg
⩥ Narrative Therapy Theorists. Answer: Michael White, David Epston
⩥ Family Systems Therapy Theorists. Answer: Alfred Adler, Murray
Bowen, Virginia Satir, Carl Whitaker, Salvador Minuchin, Jay Haley,
Cloe Madanes
⩥ Psychoanalytic Therapy Description. Answer: A theory of personality
development, a philosophy of human nature, and a method of
psychotherapy that focuses on unconscious factors that motivate
behavior. Attention is given to the first 6 years of life as determinants of
later development of personality. Uses analysis of word association,
dream and fantasy interpretation.
⩥ Adlerian Therapy Description. Answer: The 4 Stages of Adlerian
Therapy
,He believed that it was imperative to become intimately familiar with a
person's social context by exploring factors such as birth order, lifestyle,
and parental education. Adler believed that each person strives to belong
and feel significant.
An Adlerian therapist assists individuals in comprehending the thoughts,
drives, and emotions that influence their lifestyles. People in therapy are
also encouraged to acquire a more positive and productive way of life by
developing new insights, skills, and behaviors. These goals are achieved
through the four stages of Adlerian therapy:
1. Engagement: A trusting therapeutic relationship is built between the
therapist and the person in therapy and they agree to work together to
effectively address the problem.
2. Assessment: The therapist invites the individual to speak about his or
her personal history, family history, early recollections, beliefs, feelings,
and motives. This helps to reveal the person's overall lifestyle pattern,
including factors that might initially be thought of as insignificant or
irrelevant by the person in therapy.
3. Insight: The person in therapy is helped to develop new ways of
thinking about his or her situation.
4. Reorientation: The therapist encourages the individual to engage in
satisfying and effective actions that reinforce this new insight, or which
facilitate further insight.
⩥ Existential Therapy Description. Answer: This model stresses building
therapy on the basic conditions of human existence, such as choice, the
freedom and responsibility to shape one's life, and self-determination. It
focuses on the quality of the person-to-person therapeutic relationship.
, ⩥ Person-Centered Therapy Description. Answer: This approach was
developed in the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against
psychoanalysis. Based on a subjective view of human experiencing, it
places faith in and gives responsibility to the client in dealing with
problems and concerns. Is non-directive and often uses reflection from
the therapist to assist the person in increasing awareness and promoting
self-actualization.
⩥ Gestalt Therapy. Answer: An experiential therapy stressing awareness
and integration; it grew in reaction against analytic therapy. It integrates
the functioning of the body and mind.
⩥ Behavior Therapy Description. Answer: This approach applies the
principles of learning (classical and operant conditioning) to the
resolution of specific behavioral problems. Results are subject to
continual experimentation. The methods of this approach are always in
the process of refinement.
⩥ Cognitive Behavior Therapy Description. Answer: This approach
gives a primary role to thinking as it influences behavior. Focuses on
teaching a person how to identify their thinking errors and replace them
with positive thinking.
Belief that people have automatic thoughts which are spontaneous
negative cognitive distortions that influence behavior
EXAMINATION BUNDLED EXAM PRACTICE
EXAMINATION SCRIPT 2026 DETAILED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Adlerian Theory Theorists. Answer: Alfred Adler, Rudolf Dreikers
⩥ Existential Theory Theorists. Answer: Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, Irvin
Yalom
⩥ Person-Centered Theorists. Answer: Carl Rogers
⩥ Gestalt Theory Theorists. Answer: Fritz and Laura Perls, Miriam and
Erving Polster
⩥ Behavior Theory Theorists. Answer: B.F. Skinner, Arnold Lazarus,
Albert Bandura
⩥ Cognitive Behavioral Theorists. Answer: A.T. Beck, Judith Beck,
Donald Meichenbaum
⩥ Rational Emotive Therapy Theorists. Answer: Albert Ellis
,⩥ Reality Therapy Theorists. Answer: William Glasser, Robert
Wubbolding
⩥ Feminist Therapy Theorists. Answer: Jean Baker Miller, Carolyn
Zerbe Enns, Olivia Espin, Laura Brown
⩥ Solution Focused Brief Therapy Theorists. Answer: Steve de Shazer,
Insoo Kim Berg
⩥ Narrative Therapy Theorists. Answer: Michael White, David Epston
⩥ Family Systems Therapy Theorists. Answer: Alfred Adler, Murray
Bowen, Virginia Satir, Carl Whitaker, Salvador Minuchin, Jay Haley,
Cloe Madanes
⩥ Psychoanalytic Therapy Description. Answer: A theory of personality
development, a philosophy of human nature, and a method of
psychotherapy that focuses on unconscious factors that motivate
behavior. Attention is given to the first 6 years of life as determinants of
later development of personality. Uses analysis of word association,
dream and fantasy interpretation.
⩥ Adlerian Therapy Description. Answer: The 4 Stages of Adlerian
Therapy
,He believed that it was imperative to become intimately familiar with a
person's social context by exploring factors such as birth order, lifestyle,
and parental education. Adler believed that each person strives to belong
and feel significant.
An Adlerian therapist assists individuals in comprehending the thoughts,
drives, and emotions that influence their lifestyles. People in therapy are
also encouraged to acquire a more positive and productive way of life by
developing new insights, skills, and behaviors. These goals are achieved
through the four stages of Adlerian therapy:
1. Engagement: A trusting therapeutic relationship is built between the
therapist and the person in therapy and they agree to work together to
effectively address the problem.
2. Assessment: The therapist invites the individual to speak about his or
her personal history, family history, early recollections, beliefs, feelings,
and motives. This helps to reveal the person's overall lifestyle pattern,
including factors that might initially be thought of as insignificant or
irrelevant by the person in therapy.
3. Insight: The person in therapy is helped to develop new ways of
thinking about his or her situation.
4. Reorientation: The therapist encourages the individual to engage in
satisfying and effective actions that reinforce this new insight, or which
facilitate further insight.
⩥ Existential Therapy Description. Answer: This model stresses building
therapy on the basic conditions of human existence, such as choice, the
freedom and responsibility to shape one's life, and self-determination. It
focuses on the quality of the person-to-person therapeutic relationship.
, ⩥ Person-Centered Therapy Description. Answer: This approach was
developed in the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against
psychoanalysis. Based on a subjective view of human experiencing, it
places faith in and gives responsibility to the client in dealing with
problems and concerns. Is non-directive and often uses reflection from
the therapist to assist the person in increasing awareness and promoting
self-actualization.
⩥ Gestalt Therapy. Answer: An experiential therapy stressing awareness
and integration; it grew in reaction against analytic therapy. It integrates
the functioning of the body and mind.
⩥ Behavior Therapy Description. Answer: This approach applies the
principles of learning (classical and operant conditioning) to the
resolution of specific behavioral problems. Results are subject to
continual experimentation. The methods of this approach are always in
the process of refinement.
⩥ Cognitive Behavior Therapy Description. Answer: This approach
gives a primary role to thinking as it influences behavior. Focuses on
teaching a person how to identify their thinking errors and replace them
with positive thinking.
Belief that people have automatic thoughts which are spontaneous
negative cognitive distortions that influence behavior
