CPHON REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Phase 1 Trial - ANSWER Determines the maximum tolerated dose of an
investigational agent or combination of agents that is then recommended for use
Patients must have adequate organ function, reasonable life expectancy and
ability to function. And all standard therapeutic options for curative treatments
must have been exhausted
Phase 2 Trial - ANSWER Designed to assess the efficacy of the new agent in
the treatment of selected tumour types
All patients should have measurable disease, normal organ function, reasonable
life expectancy and a reasonable functional status
Phase 3 Trial - ANSWER Used to evaluate overall response, survival and
quality of life of newly diagnosed patients with a particular diagnosis within the
new treatment scheme
Goal is to determine if the treatment is equivalent or superior to the current or
standard treatment
Phase 4 Trial - ANSWER Meant to further investigate the long term safety and
efficacy of a treatment and takes place after the new treatment is approved for
standard use
,Their goal is to decrease side effects, toxicities and late effects of treatment
while continuing to produce acceptable cure rates
Erikson Stage
Birth - 1 year - ANSWER Trust vs Mistrust
Trust that their needs for food, comfort, stimulation, caring will be met. Mistrust
develops in the infant as a response to experiences of having these needs go
unmet
Cognitive stage
Birth-1 year - ANSWER sensorimotor stage
Learning takes place through sensory experiences and exploration
Fears
Birth - 1 year - ANSWER fear of strangers and separation from parents
fears of loud noises, bright lights, sudden movements animals and heights
Nursing Interventions
Birth - 1 year - ANSWER Promote trust development
, Promote visiting and rooming in with parents
Promote comforting touch
Complete exams quickly
Promote sucking and oral ingestion
Provide various pleasant visual, auditory, tactile, taste and movement
opportunities for infant's stimulation
Erikson Stage
Toddlers ( 1-3 Years) - ANSWER Autonomy vs shame and doubt
sense of independence and self-mastery, find their behavior is their own and has
predictable effects on others
Pleasure must occasionally be postponed and bounds on behavior are
established
Cognitive Stage
Toddlers (1-3 years) - ANSWER continue to progress in the sensorimotor stage,
during which they build on object permanence and sense of causality through
active trial and error
build language skills; become curious and start to experiment, explore, and
imitate
Egocentric in thinking, not logical in thinking but engage in magical thinking
based on perception of an event
ANSWERS
Phase 1 Trial - ANSWER Determines the maximum tolerated dose of an
investigational agent or combination of agents that is then recommended for use
Patients must have adequate organ function, reasonable life expectancy and
ability to function. And all standard therapeutic options for curative treatments
must have been exhausted
Phase 2 Trial - ANSWER Designed to assess the efficacy of the new agent in
the treatment of selected tumour types
All patients should have measurable disease, normal organ function, reasonable
life expectancy and a reasonable functional status
Phase 3 Trial - ANSWER Used to evaluate overall response, survival and
quality of life of newly diagnosed patients with a particular diagnosis within the
new treatment scheme
Goal is to determine if the treatment is equivalent or superior to the current or
standard treatment
Phase 4 Trial - ANSWER Meant to further investigate the long term safety and
efficacy of a treatment and takes place after the new treatment is approved for
standard use
,Their goal is to decrease side effects, toxicities and late effects of treatment
while continuing to produce acceptable cure rates
Erikson Stage
Birth - 1 year - ANSWER Trust vs Mistrust
Trust that their needs for food, comfort, stimulation, caring will be met. Mistrust
develops in the infant as a response to experiences of having these needs go
unmet
Cognitive stage
Birth-1 year - ANSWER sensorimotor stage
Learning takes place through sensory experiences and exploration
Fears
Birth - 1 year - ANSWER fear of strangers and separation from parents
fears of loud noises, bright lights, sudden movements animals and heights
Nursing Interventions
Birth - 1 year - ANSWER Promote trust development
, Promote visiting and rooming in with parents
Promote comforting touch
Complete exams quickly
Promote sucking and oral ingestion
Provide various pleasant visual, auditory, tactile, taste and movement
opportunities for infant's stimulation
Erikson Stage
Toddlers ( 1-3 Years) - ANSWER Autonomy vs shame and doubt
sense of independence and self-mastery, find their behavior is their own and has
predictable effects on others
Pleasure must occasionally be postponed and bounds on behavior are
established
Cognitive Stage
Toddlers (1-3 years) - ANSWER continue to progress in the sensorimotor stage,
during which they build on object permanence and sense of causality through
active trial and error
build language skills; become curious and start to experiment, explore, and
imitate
Egocentric in thinking, not logical in thinking but engage in magical thinking
based on perception of an event
