NUR 641 E ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ What is absorption? Answer: from the administration site either
directly or indirectly into the blood plasma
◍ What is distribution? Answer: reversibly or irreversibly move from
the bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular fluid
◍ What is metabolism? Answer: Biotransformed via hepatic
metabolism or by other tissues
◍ What is elimination? Answer: The drug and it metabolites are
eliminated from the body
◍ What route of administration has the highest bioavailability?
Answer: intravenous
◍ Which route of administration avoid first-pass metabolism in the
liver? Answer: intravenous route
◍ What administration route has variable and erractic absorption?
Answer: rectal
,◍ When is a steady state of a drug reached? Answer: within 4-5 half-
lives of a drug
◍ What is important to know in regards to half-life? Answer:
determines how frequently the drug must be administered
Predicts how long toxic effects last
◍ What does first-order (linear) pharmacoknetics mean? Answer: the
metabolism is directly proportional to the free concentration of the
drug
◍ What does zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics? Answer: a
drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
◍ What does the drug development proccess involve according to the
FDA? Answer: discovery
preclinical research with animal testing
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
FDA review of the results to determine approval
Phase 4
◍ What is phase one of drug development? Answer: Clinical research
on healthy human subjects to assess medication pharmacokinetics
,◍ What is phase two of drug development? Answer: Clinical research
in humans primarily for medication safety usually in a population for
which treatment is inteded
◍ What is phase three of drug development? Answer: Clinical
research in humans comparing the new drug to accepted medications
or placebo for efficacy and safety
◍ What is phase four of drug development? Answer: Postmarketing
study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies
◍ What are the medication safety organizations? Answer: FDA
Institute for safe medication practices (ISMP)
JCAHO
◍ What is the institute for safe medication practices? Answer: non-
profit organization that focuses on preventing medication errors and
promoting safe medication practices
◍ What is the institute of medicine? Answer: non-govermental
nonprofit organization that provides unbiased advice to policymakers
and the public on matters of science, technology and health
◍ What is joint commission? Answer: non-profit organization that
accredits and certifies a wide range of healthcare organizations and
programs in the US and internationally
, ◍ What is the NCC MERP? Answer: National Coordinating Council
for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention--> comprised of 27
leading national health care organizations thta collaborate and
cooperate to address medication errors
◍ What is the FDA safe use intiative Answer: create and facilitate
public and private collaborations within healthcare community
◍ What are the two basic types of adverse drug reactions? Answer:
pharmacological and idiosyncratic
◍ 85% to 90% of adverse drug reactions are what type? Answer:
pharmacological
◍ Are adverse drug reactions preventable? Answer: yes
◍ where do adverse drug reactions occur? Answer: hospital or
nursing home setting
◍ what does adverse drug reactions include? Answer: med errors
adverse drug effects
allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
◍ Does the FDA mandate that ADRs are reported? Answer: no
TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ What is absorption? Answer: from the administration site either
directly or indirectly into the blood plasma
◍ What is distribution? Answer: reversibly or irreversibly move from
the bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular fluid
◍ What is metabolism? Answer: Biotransformed via hepatic
metabolism or by other tissues
◍ What is elimination? Answer: The drug and it metabolites are
eliminated from the body
◍ What route of administration has the highest bioavailability?
Answer: intravenous
◍ Which route of administration avoid first-pass metabolism in the
liver? Answer: intravenous route
◍ What administration route has variable and erractic absorption?
Answer: rectal
,◍ When is a steady state of a drug reached? Answer: within 4-5 half-
lives of a drug
◍ What is important to know in regards to half-life? Answer:
determines how frequently the drug must be administered
Predicts how long toxic effects last
◍ What does first-order (linear) pharmacoknetics mean? Answer: the
metabolism is directly proportional to the free concentration of the
drug
◍ What does zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics? Answer: a
drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
◍ What does the drug development proccess involve according to the
FDA? Answer: discovery
preclinical research with animal testing
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
FDA review of the results to determine approval
Phase 4
◍ What is phase one of drug development? Answer: Clinical research
on healthy human subjects to assess medication pharmacokinetics
,◍ What is phase two of drug development? Answer: Clinical research
in humans primarily for medication safety usually in a population for
which treatment is inteded
◍ What is phase three of drug development? Answer: Clinical
research in humans comparing the new drug to accepted medications
or placebo for efficacy and safety
◍ What is phase four of drug development? Answer: Postmarketing
study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies
◍ What are the medication safety organizations? Answer: FDA
Institute for safe medication practices (ISMP)
JCAHO
◍ What is the institute for safe medication practices? Answer: non-
profit organization that focuses on preventing medication errors and
promoting safe medication practices
◍ What is the institute of medicine? Answer: non-govermental
nonprofit organization that provides unbiased advice to policymakers
and the public on matters of science, technology and health
◍ What is joint commission? Answer: non-profit organization that
accredits and certifies a wide range of healthcare organizations and
programs in the US and internationally
, ◍ What is the NCC MERP? Answer: National Coordinating Council
for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention--> comprised of 27
leading national health care organizations thta collaborate and
cooperate to address medication errors
◍ What is the FDA safe use intiative Answer: create and facilitate
public and private collaborations within healthcare community
◍ What are the two basic types of adverse drug reactions? Answer:
pharmacological and idiosyncratic
◍ 85% to 90% of adverse drug reactions are what type? Answer:
pharmacological
◍ Are adverse drug reactions preventable? Answer: yes
◍ where do adverse drug reactions occur? Answer: hospital or
nursing home setting
◍ what does adverse drug reactions include? Answer: med errors
adverse drug effects
allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
◍ Does the FDA mandate that ADRs are reported? Answer: no
