NUR 641 E EXAM FULL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026 EXAM PREP WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ rectal. Answer: -erratic and variable absorption
◍ 4-5. Answer: SS achieved in _-_ half lives
◍ Half-life. Answer: -how long it takes for drug to be excreted from
the body
-determines frequency of administration
-predicts how long toxic effects can last
◍ first-order (linear) pharmacokinetics. Answer: metabolism is
directly proportional to the free concentration of the drug
◍ zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics. Answer: drug is
metabolized at a constant rate per unit of time
◍ CYP3A4 substrates. Answer: may have decreased activity if any
CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
◍ Discovery. Answer: laboratory research to develop the new drug
,◍ Preclinical research. Answer: animal testing for safety
◍ Phase I. Answer: clinical research on healthy human subjects to
assess medication PK
◍ Phase II. Answer: clinical research in humans primarily for
medication safety usually in a population for which the treatment is
intended
◍ Phase III. Answer: clinical research in humans comparing the new
drug to accepted medications or placebo for efficacy and safety
◍ Phase IV. Answer: post marketing surveillance. Reporting of
adverse effects not identified in earlier clinical studies
◍ medication safety organizations. Answer: -ISMP
-IOM
-Joint Commission
-NCC MERP
-FDA Safe Use Initiative
◍ pharmacological ADR. Answer: -80-90% of ADRs
-an extension of the pharmacological affect of the drug
-ex. overdose
,◍ idiosyncratic ADR. Answer: -separate from the pharmacological
affect of the drug
-commonly immune mediated response
◍ does not. Answer: the FDA does/does not mandate that ADRs be
reported
◍ Polypharmacy. Answer: involves using multiple health care
providers for care, using multiple medications, and using several
pharmacies for prescription filling
◍ ACEI. Answer: -Lisinopril, captopril, enalopil, ramipril, benazepril,
fosinopril
-suppress the release of ACE
◍ ACEI (side effects). Answer: -cough
-angioedema
-discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs
◍ ARBs. Answer: -block angiotensin II receptors
◍ primary hypertension. Answer: -denotes high blood pressure from
an unidentified cause; also called essential hypertension
-90% of cases
, ◍ secondary hypertension. Answer: -high blood pressure caused by
the effects of another disease
-example: chronic renal failure
◍ Nitroglycerin. Answer: -IV/SL/topical/transdermal
-contraindicated with PDE-5 inhibitors
◍ nitrates (contraindications). Answer: sildenafil, verdenafil
◍ amiodarone. Answer: -antiarrhythmic of choice with coexisting
heart failure
-can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity
◍ alpha-1 stimulation. Answer: -vasoconstriction
-increased blood pressure
◍ alpha-1 blockade. Answer: -vasodilation
-reduced blood pressure
◍ beta-1 stimulation. Answer: -increased HR
-increased BP
-increased CO
◍ beta-1 blockade. Answer: -reduced heart rate
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026 EXAM PREP WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ rectal. Answer: -erratic and variable absorption
◍ 4-5. Answer: SS achieved in _-_ half lives
◍ Half-life. Answer: -how long it takes for drug to be excreted from
the body
-determines frequency of administration
-predicts how long toxic effects can last
◍ first-order (linear) pharmacokinetics. Answer: metabolism is
directly proportional to the free concentration of the drug
◍ zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics. Answer: drug is
metabolized at a constant rate per unit of time
◍ CYP3A4 substrates. Answer: may have decreased activity if any
CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
◍ Discovery. Answer: laboratory research to develop the new drug
,◍ Preclinical research. Answer: animal testing for safety
◍ Phase I. Answer: clinical research on healthy human subjects to
assess medication PK
◍ Phase II. Answer: clinical research in humans primarily for
medication safety usually in a population for which the treatment is
intended
◍ Phase III. Answer: clinical research in humans comparing the new
drug to accepted medications or placebo for efficacy and safety
◍ Phase IV. Answer: post marketing surveillance. Reporting of
adverse effects not identified in earlier clinical studies
◍ medication safety organizations. Answer: -ISMP
-IOM
-Joint Commission
-NCC MERP
-FDA Safe Use Initiative
◍ pharmacological ADR. Answer: -80-90% of ADRs
-an extension of the pharmacological affect of the drug
-ex. overdose
,◍ idiosyncratic ADR. Answer: -separate from the pharmacological
affect of the drug
-commonly immune mediated response
◍ does not. Answer: the FDA does/does not mandate that ADRs be
reported
◍ Polypharmacy. Answer: involves using multiple health care
providers for care, using multiple medications, and using several
pharmacies for prescription filling
◍ ACEI. Answer: -Lisinopril, captopril, enalopil, ramipril, benazepril,
fosinopril
-suppress the release of ACE
◍ ACEI (side effects). Answer: -cough
-angioedema
-discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs
◍ ARBs. Answer: -block angiotensin II receptors
◍ primary hypertension. Answer: -denotes high blood pressure from
an unidentified cause; also called essential hypertension
-90% of cases
, ◍ secondary hypertension. Answer: -high blood pressure caused by
the effects of another disease
-example: chronic renal failure
◍ Nitroglycerin. Answer: -IV/SL/topical/transdermal
-contraindicated with PDE-5 inhibitors
◍ nitrates (contraindications). Answer: sildenafil, verdenafil
◍ amiodarone. Answer: -antiarrhythmic of choice with coexisting
heart failure
-can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity
◍ alpha-1 stimulation. Answer: -vasoconstriction
-increased blood pressure
◍ alpha-1 blockade. Answer: -vasodilation
-reduced blood pressure
◍ beta-1 stimulation. Answer: -increased HR
-increased BP
-increased CO
◍ beta-1 blockade. Answer: -reduced heart rate
