NURS 3304 CLINICAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027

NURS 3304 CLINICAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 Hyponatremia - Answers Causes: - Decreased Na+ intake - SIADH - Diuretics Manifestations: - Cell swelling - Coma - Headache - Muscle weakness - Decreased thirst Hypernatremia - Answers Causes: - Dehydration - Increased Na+ intake - Decreased ADH - DI Manifestations: - Cell shrinking - Low urine output - Increased thirst - Hypertension Hypokalemia - Answers Causes: - Alkalosis - Vomiting - Gastric suction - Diuretic therapy Manifestations: - Low T wave - Prominent U wave - cardiac arrhythmia Hyperkalemia - Answers Causes: - Acidosis - Renal failure - Hypoaldosteronism Manifestations: - Peaked T wave (cardiac depression) Hypocalcemia - Answers Causes: - Hypoparathyroidism - Vit D deficiency - Hypoalbuminemia - Liver disease Manifestations: - Tetany - Increased neuromuscular activity Hypercalcemia - Answers Causes: - Hyperparathyroidism - Immobility - Bone malignancies Manifestations: - Increased risk for fractures - Decreased neuromuscular activity Metabolic Acidosis - Answers Causes: Diarrhea (lose NaHCO3), DKA, Starvation (muscle breaks down), Deep prolonged vomiting, Renal failure Manifestations: Drowsiness, Lethargy, Confusion, Kussmaul compensatory action by lungs, Hypotension