NUR 5002 exam questions with correct
answers
Salbutamol - ANSWER-Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, relaxes smooth muscles of all airways.
Ipratropium - ANSWER-Anticholinergic, acts as antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor to
inhibit PNS in the airways to cause bronchodilation & fewer secretions
Asthma - ANSWER-A heterogeneous disease usually characteristed by chronic airway inflammation
Asthma symptoms - ANSWER-Wheeze, SOB, chest tightness, cough
Pathophysiology of asthma - ANSWER-Exposure to trigger
Release of mediators
Bronchoconstriction
Obstruction of airways, limited airflow, air trapping, respiratory acidosis, hypoxaemia
Hypoxaemia - ANSWER-Low oxygen levels in the blood
Hypoxia - ANSWER-Low levels of oxygen in the tissues
How oxygen is transported - ANSWER-Bound to haemoglobin
How carbon dioxide is transported - ANSWER-As carbonic acid, bound to haemoglobin, or dissolved in
plasma
Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve - ANSWER-Relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen
(PaO2) and saturation (SaO2)
,Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve right shift - ANSWER-Haemoglobin more apt to release oxygen,
less affinity. Low pH, high temperatures, high PaCO2
Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve left shift - ANSWER-Less oxygen released.
High pH, low temperatures, low PaCO2
Haematocrit test - ANSWER-Reflects ratio of RBCs to plasma
Arterial blood gases (ABGs) - ANSWER-Used to assess acid-base balance, ventilation status, O2 therapy
Pulmonary angiogram - ANSWER-Used to visualise pulmonary vasculature
Acetylcholine - ANSWER-Neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction, dilates blood vessels,
increases bodily secretions & decreases HR
Status asthmaticus - ANSWER-Acute, severe and prolonged asthma attack lasting 24 hours or more
without improvement
Hudson mask flow rate - ANSWER-5-10L/min
Non-rebreather mask flow rate - ANSWER-10-15 L/min
Venturi mask - ANSWER-Delivers specific concentration of oxygen
COPD - ANSWER-A preventable progressive chronic disease characterised by irreversible obstruction of
the airways
Emphysema - ANSWER-Permanent enlargement and destruction of airspaces distal to the terminal
bronchioles
,Chronic bronchitis - ANSWER-This component of COPD is characterised by daily productive cough for
three months or more, in at least two consecutive years
Umbrella term for emphysema and chronic bronchitis - ANSWER-COPD
A main characteristic of COPD is - ANSWER-Inability to expire air
Bullae - ANSWER-Large air pockets that form in the lung parenchyma
Blebs - ANSWER-Air spaces adjacent to pleurae
Beta 2 receptors - ANSWER-Stimulation of these receptors will result in bronchodilation
bronchopneumonia - ANSWER-Patchy consolidation involving more than one lobe
Lobar pneumonia - ANSWER-Consolidation in one lobe
α1-antitrypsin deficiency - ANSWER-Risk factor for COPD
COPD medication therapy - ANSWER-Bronchodilators (SABAs, SABAs, anticholinergics) and inhaled
corticosteroids
COPD priority care problems - ANSWER-Ineffective breathing pattern, ineffective airway clearance,
impaired gas exchange
Beta2-adrenergic agonist - ANSWER-Causes relaxation of the bronchiolar smooth muscle and
bronchodilation
Mast Cell Stabilisers - ANSWER-Inhibit release of histamine, help reduce inflammation
, CURB65 - ANSWER-Assessment of pneumonia severity
What does CURB65 stand for? - ANSWER-C: Confusion
U: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) >20mg/dL
R: Respiratory rate >30
B: BP systolic: <90 or diastolic <60
65: >65y/o
Consolidation - ANSWER-Alveoli fill with fluid and debris
community acquired pneumonia - ANSWER-Not hospitalised or in care facility within 14 days of
symptom onset
Pneumonia priority care problems - ANSWER-Impaired gas exchange, ineffective breathing pattern,
acute pain
Crackles are caused by - ANSWER-air passing through fluid
Ipratropium mechanism of action - ANSWER-Muscarinic receptor antagonist
Ipratropium class - ANSWER-Anticholinergic
Salbutamol class - ANSWER-SABA
Salbutamol mechanism - ANSWER-Stimulates B2 receptors, relaxes smooth muscle in airways
Salmeterol class - ANSWER-LABA
Pleural space - ANSWER-the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleurae
answers
Salbutamol - ANSWER-Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, relaxes smooth muscles of all airways.
Ipratropium - ANSWER-Anticholinergic, acts as antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor to
inhibit PNS in the airways to cause bronchodilation & fewer secretions
Asthma - ANSWER-A heterogeneous disease usually characteristed by chronic airway inflammation
Asthma symptoms - ANSWER-Wheeze, SOB, chest tightness, cough
Pathophysiology of asthma - ANSWER-Exposure to trigger
Release of mediators
Bronchoconstriction
Obstruction of airways, limited airflow, air trapping, respiratory acidosis, hypoxaemia
Hypoxaemia - ANSWER-Low oxygen levels in the blood
Hypoxia - ANSWER-Low levels of oxygen in the tissues
How oxygen is transported - ANSWER-Bound to haemoglobin
How carbon dioxide is transported - ANSWER-As carbonic acid, bound to haemoglobin, or dissolved in
plasma
Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve - ANSWER-Relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen
(PaO2) and saturation (SaO2)
,Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve right shift - ANSWER-Haemoglobin more apt to release oxygen,
less affinity. Low pH, high temperatures, high PaCO2
Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve left shift - ANSWER-Less oxygen released.
High pH, low temperatures, low PaCO2
Haematocrit test - ANSWER-Reflects ratio of RBCs to plasma
Arterial blood gases (ABGs) - ANSWER-Used to assess acid-base balance, ventilation status, O2 therapy
Pulmonary angiogram - ANSWER-Used to visualise pulmonary vasculature
Acetylcholine - ANSWER-Neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction, dilates blood vessels,
increases bodily secretions & decreases HR
Status asthmaticus - ANSWER-Acute, severe and prolonged asthma attack lasting 24 hours or more
without improvement
Hudson mask flow rate - ANSWER-5-10L/min
Non-rebreather mask flow rate - ANSWER-10-15 L/min
Venturi mask - ANSWER-Delivers specific concentration of oxygen
COPD - ANSWER-A preventable progressive chronic disease characterised by irreversible obstruction of
the airways
Emphysema - ANSWER-Permanent enlargement and destruction of airspaces distal to the terminal
bronchioles
,Chronic bronchitis - ANSWER-This component of COPD is characterised by daily productive cough for
three months or more, in at least two consecutive years
Umbrella term for emphysema and chronic bronchitis - ANSWER-COPD
A main characteristic of COPD is - ANSWER-Inability to expire air
Bullae - ANSWER-Large air pockets that form in the lung parenchyma
Blebs - ANSWER-Air spaces adjacent to pleurae
Beta 2 receptors - ANSWER-Stimulation of these receptors will result in bronchodilation
bronchopneumonia - ANSWER-Patchy consolidation involving more than one lobe
Lobar pneumonia - ANSWER-Consolidation in one lobe
α1-antitrypsin deficiency - ANSWER-Risk factor for COPD
COPD medication therapy - ANSWER-Bronchodilators (SABAs, SABAs, anticholinergics) and inhaled
corticosteroids
COPD priority care problems - ANSWER-Ineffective breathing pattern, ineffective airway clearance,
impaired gas exchange
Beta2-adrenergic agonist - ANSWER-Causes relaxation of the bronchiolar smooth muscle and
bronchodilation
Mast Cell Stabilisers - ANSWER-Inhibit release of histamine, help reduce inflammation
, CURB65 - ANSWER-Assessment of pneumonia severity
What does CURB65 stand for? - ANSWER-C: Confusion
U: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) >20mg/dL
R: Respiratory rate >30
B: BP systolic: <90 or diastolic <60
65: >65y/o
Consolidation - ANSWER-Alveoli fill with fluid and debris
community acquired pneumonia - ANSWER-Not hospitalised or in care facility within 14 days of
symptom onset
Pneumonia priority care problems - ANSWER-Impaired gas exchange, ineffective breathing pattern,
acute pain
Crackles are caused by - ANSWER-air passing through fluid
Ipratropium mechanism of action - ANSWER-Muscarinic receptor antagonist
Ipratropium class - ANSWER-Anticholinergic
Salbutamol class - ANSWER-SABA
Salbutamol mechanism - ANSWER-Stimulates B2 receptors, relaxes smooth muscle in airways
Salmeterol class - ANSWER-LABA
Pleural space - ANSWER-the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleurae
