Traffic Psychology Exam
What are the E's according to Harvey? What E's are added by John Groeger? - Answer-1) Education,
Enforcement, Engineering
2) Exposure, Examination of competence and fitness, Emergency response, Evaluation
What types of education are distinguished by Groeger? - Answer-Training drivers (skills and theory),
behavior change campaigns, warning for
enforcement campaigns, policy makers and safety experts
What is meant by the quote "lax enforcement costs thousands of deaths worldwide"? - Answer-That
enforcement reduces injury accidents by 23-31%
Which types of engineering affect road safety, and why? - Answer-1) road design: surface quality
2) vehicle design: occupant protection, advanced telematics
Why is exposure analysis important for traffic safety research? Give an example where
this was useful - Answer-Because it helps understanding accident analyses! Young, inexperienced drivers
have more accidents at night, in the weekends, with 2 or more passenger onboard → Graduate Driver
Licensing (GDL) system
Why is proper evaluation important for road safety research? What does evaluation
have to do with a Poisson distribution? - Answer-Evaluation is needed to determine the effectiveness of
measures.
Rare events like an accident are modelled by a Poisson distribution that allows
,proper estimation of the effect of a counter measure. Improper modelling leads to
improper estimated effect sizes.
What is the basis of the
driving task demand? And
the drivers capability? - Answer-DTD: vehicle performance, route
choice, psychical characteristics
of the environment
DC: basic psychological
characteristics, education,
training and experience
Is it possible to identify
certain types of high-risk
drivers since adolescence?
Explain - Answer-Yes, in a longitudinal study was
shown that characteristics of
antisocial behavior and
aggressiveness persisted from
childhood into adolescence and
it is shown in dangerous driving
behaviors (excessive speeding,
drink driving, drug driving)
, Why do different drivers
perceive the task
difficulty differently even
if they have the same
capability and it's the
same task? - Answer-Because the calibration is
different. Someone can
understimate the Task
Difficulty or overstimate their
Capability. So perceived task
difficulty would be less that
objecively the case!
What is the main difference
between Task Difficulty
Homeostasis and Task Difficulty
Allostasis? - Answer-TDH: The drivers seeks to maintain a
constant range of perceived difficulty
task throughout the driving
TDA: The perceived difficulty is not
constant because how someone's
drive can change immediately by
different reasons (Feelings)
What are the E's according to Harvey? What E's are added by John Groeger? - Answer-1) Education,
Enforcement, Engineering
2) Exposure, Examination of competence and fitness, Emergency response, Evaluation
What types of education are distinguished by Groeger? - Answer-Training drivers (skills and theory),
behavior change campaigns, warning for
enforcement campaigns, policy makers and safety experts
What is meant by the quote "lax enforcement costs thousands of deaths worldwide"? - Answer-That
enforcement reduces injury accidents by 23-31%
Which types of engineering affect road safety, and why? - Answer-1) road design: surface quality
2) vehicle design: occupant protection, advanced telematics
Why is exposure analysis important for traffic safety research? Give an example where
this was useful - Answer-Because it helps understanding accident analyses! Young, inexperienced drivers
have more accidents at night, in the weekends, with 2 or more passenger onboard → Graduate Driver
Licensing (GDL) system
Why is proper evaluation important for road safety research? What does evaluation
have to do with a Poisson distribution? - Answer-Evaluation is needed to determine the effectiveness of
measures.
Rare events like an accident are modelled by a Poisson distribution that allows
,proper estimation of the effect of a counter measure. Improper modelling leads to
improper estimated effect sizes.
What is the basis of the
driving task demand? And
the drivers capability? - Answer-DTD: vehicle performance, route
choice, psychical characteristics
of the environment
DC: basic psychological
characteristics, education,
training and experience
Is it possible to identify
certain types of high-risk
drivers since adolescence?
Explain - Answer-Yes, in a longitudinal study was
shown that characteristics of
antisocial behavior and
aggressiveness persisted from
childhood into adolescence and
it is shown in dangerous driving
behaviors (excessive speeding,
drink driving, drug driving)
, Why do different drivers
perceive the task
difficulty differently even
if they have the same
capability and it's the
same task? - Answer-Because the calibration is
different. Someone can
understimate the Task
Difficulty or overstimate their
Capability. So perceived task
difficulty would be less that
objecively the case!
What is the main difference
between Task Difficulty
Homeostasis and Task Difficulty
Allostasis? - Answer-TDH: The drivers seeks to maintain a
constant range of perceived difficulty
task throughout the driving
TDA: The perceived difficulty is not
constant because how someone's
drive can change immediately by
different reasons (Feelings)
