NURS 251 Module 5 Pulmonology
Questions and Verified Answers
100% Correct | Grade A+
1. main function of the respiratory system
Answer> (1) to deliver oxygen to the cells of the body
(2) remove carbon dioxide from the body.
2. upper respiratory tract (URT)
Answer> outside the chest cavity and includes the nose, and nasopharynx (down
to the larynx).
3. lower respiratory tract (LRT)
Answer> includes the organs within the chest including the trachea, bronchial tree,
and lungs.
4. alveoli
Answer> microscopic sacs in lungs, that oxygen diffuses across when a person
1/
,breathes and is exchanged for carbon dioxide
5. Asthma
Answer> - general term for recurrent and reversible shortness of breath resulting
from the narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles
- The narrowing of the bronchioles can be caused by bronchospasm, inflammation,
edema and the production of mucus. This ultimately obstructs airflow meaning that
the carbon dioxide cannot get out and the oxygen cannot get in.
6. allergic asthma
Answer> caused by outside factors such as allergens
7. intrinsic asthma
Answer> caused by unknown factors.
In some cases, certain factors have precipitated the asthma attack such as respira-
tory infections, stress, or cold weather.
8. COPD/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Answer> Consists of both emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Emphysema is a disease process involving inflammation of the alveoli.
Chronic Bronchitis is characterized by chronic inflammation or irritation on the lower
respiratory tract, specifically the bronchi.
2/
, 9. primary drugs used in the treatment of both asthma and COPD
Answer> bronchodila- tors and a variety of anti-inflammatory and antiallergic
agents.
10. similarity between these diseases
Answer> all involve obstruction of airflow through the airways
11. Chemical Mediator
Answer> - a substance released from mast cells and white blood cells during
inflammation and allergic reactions.
- responsible for most of the symptoms and complications associated with asthma
and COPD.
- Only chemical mediator with known involvement where drug therapy has been
shown to help symptoms is leukotrienes.
12. Leukotrienes
Answer> - potent bronchoconstrictors with a long duration of action.
- stimulate receptors responsible for bronchoconstriction, edema and other inflam-
matory actions.
3/
Questions and Verified Answers
100% Correct | Grade A+
1. main function of the respiratory system
Answer> (1) to deliver oxygen to the cells of the body
(2) remove carbon dioxide from the body.
2. upper respiratory tract (URT)
Answer> outside the chest cavity and includes the nose, and nasopharynx (down
to the larynx).
3. lower respiratory tract (LRT)
Answer> includes the organs within the chest including the trachea, bronchial tree,
and lungs.
4. alveoli
Answer> microscopic sacs in lungs, that oxygen diffuses across when a person
1/
,breathes and is exchanged for carbon dioxide
5. Asthma
Answer> - general term for recurrent and reversible shortness of breath resulting
from the narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles
- The narrowing of the bronchioles can be caused by bronchospasm, inflammation,
edema and the production of mucus. This ultimately obstructs airflow meaning that
the carbon dioxide cannot get out and the oxygen cannot get in.
6. allergic asthma
Answer> caused by outside factors such as allergens
7. intrinsic asthma
Answer> caused by unknown factors.
In some cases, certain factors have precipitated the asthma attack such as respira-
tory infections, stress, or cold weather.
8. COPD/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Answer> Consists of both emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Emphysema is a disease process involving inflammation of the alveoli.
Chronic Bronchitis is characterized by chronic inflammation or irritation on the lower
respiratory tract, specifically the bronchi.
2/
, 9. primary drugs used in the treatment of both asthma and COPD
Answer> bronchodila- tors and a variety of anti-inflammatory and antiallergic
agents.
10. similarity between these diseases
Answer> all involve obstruction of airflow through the airways
11. Chemical Mediator
Answer> - a substance released from mast cells and white blood cells during
inflammation and allergic reactions.
- responsible for most of the symptoms and complications associated with asthma
and COPD.
- Only chemical mediator with known involvement where drug therapy has been
shown to help symptoms is leukotrienes.
12. Leukotrienes
Answer> - potent bronchoconstrictors with a long duration of action.
- stimulate receptors responsible for bronchoconstriction, edema and other inflam-
matory actions.
3/
