NURBN TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS 2026 GRADED A+
◉ What are the first clinical signs of shock?
a. rise in BP and increased Heart rate
b. increased respiratory rate and fall in BP
c. confusion and decrease in urinary output
d. fall in BP and increased Heart rate. Answer: D
◉ Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock include all of the
following except:
a. jugular vein distension
b. hyperthermia
c. peripheral hypoperfusion
d. pulmonary oedema. Answer: B
◉ What type of shock is typically caused by trauma to the spinal
cord or brain?
a. septic
,b. anaphylactic
c. neurogenic
d. obstructive. Answer: C
◉ Compensatory mechanisms typically maintain cardiac output in
healthy patients in which stage of shock?
a. initial stage
b. compensatory stage
c. progressive stage
d. refractory stage. Answer: B
◉ What are the 2 major complications that can occur during large
amounts of fluid replacement?
a. ascites and increased Intracranial pressure
b. hyperthermia and coagulopathy
c. hypothermia and hypertension
d. hypothermia and coagulopathy. Answer: D
◉ Sympathomimetic drugs such as adrenaline and noradrenaline
are known as:
,a. rapid volume expanders
b. arterial and venous vasodilators
c. venodilators
d. vasopressor drugs. Answer: D
◉ A patient in neurogenic shock may present with poikilothermia,
which is best defined as?
a. warm skin with red blotches
b. cool skin which blanches easily
c. the skin takes on the temperature of the environment
d. the skin continues to heat up despite cooling measures. Answer: C
◉ What is the action of colloids when used as fluid therapy in
hypovolaemic shock?
a. increase plasma colloid osmotic pressure
b. decrease plasma colloid osmotic pressure
c. decrease the risk of renal dysfunction
d. increase systemic vascular resistance. Answer: A
, ◉ Which of the following shocks are classified as 'a maldistribution
of blood flow'?
a. hypovolaemic, cardiogenic and neurogenic
b. cardiogenic, neurogenic and hypertensive
c. anaphylactic, septic and neurogenic
d. septic,neurogenic and relative hypovolaemic. Answer: C
◉ How many ATP molecules theoretically may be generated by the
complete oxidation of glucose into carbon dioxide?
a. 2
b. 12
c. 32
d. 36. Answer: D
◉ Cellular respiration is the name given to a series of biochemical
reactions that:
a. makes glucose from carbon dioxide and water
b. uses glucose to make ATP
c. uses glucose to make oxygen
SOLUTIONS 2026 GRADED A+
◉ What are the first clinical signs of shock?
a. rise in BP and increased Heart rate
b. increased respiratory rate and fall in BP
c. confusion and decrease in urinary output
d. fall in BP and increased Heart rate. Answer: D
◉ Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock include all of the
following except:
a. jugular vein distension
b. hyperthermia
c. peripheral hypoperfusion
d. pulmonary oedema. Answer: B
◉ What type of shock is typically caused by trauma to the spinal
cord or brain?
a. septic
,b. anaphylactic
c. neurogenic
d. obstructive. Answer: C
◉ Compensatory mechanisms typically maintain cardiac output in
healthy patients in which stage of shock?
a. initial stage
b. compensatory stage
c. progressive stage
d. refractory stage. Answer: B
◉ What are the 2 major complications that can occur during large
amounts of fluid replacement?
a. ascites and increased Intracranial pressure
b. hyperthermia and coagulopathy
c. hypothermia and hypertension
d. hypothermia and coagulopathy. Answer: D
◉ Sympathomimetic drugs such as adrenaline and noradrenaline
are known as:
,a. rapid volume expanders
b. arterial and venous vasodilators
c. venodilators
d. vasopressor drugs. Answer: D
◉ A patient in neurogenic shock may present with poikilothermia,
which is best defined as?
a. warm skin with red blotches
b. cool skin which blanches easily
c. the skin takes on the temperature of the environment
d. the skin continues to heat up despite cooling measures. Answer: C
◉ What is the action of colloids when used as fluid therapy in
hypovolaemic shock?
a. increase plasma colloid osmotic pressure
b. decrease plasma colloid osmotic pressure
c. decrease the risk of renal dysfunction
d. increase systemic vascular resistance. Answer: A
, ◉ Which of the following shocks are classified as 'a maldistribution
of blood flow'?
a. hypovolaemic, cardiogenic and neurogenic
b. cardiogenic, neurogenic and hypertensive
c. anaphylactic, septic and neurogenic
d. septic,neurogenic and relative hypovolaemic. Answer: C
◉ How many ATP molecules theoretically may be generated by the
complete oxidation of glucose into carbon dioxide?
a. 2
b. 12
c. 32
d. 36. Answer: D
◉ Cellular respiration is the name given to a series of biochemical
reactions that:
a. makes glucose from carbon dioxide and water
b. uses glucose to make ATP
c. uses glucose to make oxygen
