NURBN EXAMINATION TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What are the first clinical signs of shock? Answer: fall in BP and
increased Heart rate
◉ Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock Answer: jugular vein
distension, peripheral hypoperfusion, pulmonary oedema
◉ What type of shock is typically caused by trauma to the spinal
cord or brain? Answer: neurogenic
◉ Compensatory mechanisms typically maintain cardiac output in
healthy patients in which stage? Answer: compensatory stage
◉ What are the 2 major complications that can occur during large
amounts of fluid replacement? Answer: hypothermia and
coagulopathy
◉ Sympathomimetic drugs such as adrenaline and noradrenaline
are known as: Answer: vasopressor drugs
,◉ A patient in neurogenic shock may present with poikilothermia,
which is best defined as? Answer: c. the skin takes on the
temperature of the environment
◉ What is the action of colloids when used as fluid therapy in
hypovolaemic shock Answer: increase plasma colloid osmotic
pressure
◉ Shocks classified as 'a maldistribution of blood flow'? Answer:
anaphylactic, septic and neurogenic
◉ How many ATP molecules theoretically may be generated by the
complete oxidation of glucose into carbon dioxide? Answer: 36
◉ Cellular respiration is the name given to a series of biochemical
reactions that: Answer: uses glucose to make ATP
◉ The steps of respiration occur in different parts of the cell. Where
in the cell does glycolysis occur? Answer: cytoplasm
◉ Glycolysis produces a net gain of: Answer: 2 ATP
◉ When oxygen is present the pyruvate or pyruvic acid molecules
enter what is known as the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle or
,tricarboxylic acid cycle). Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle
occur? Answer: mitochondria
◉ Aerobic metabolism is more efficient in terms of producing ATP
from glucose than anaerobic metabolsim?
True
False Answer: True
◉ Which process produces alcohol or lactate? Answer: fermentation
◉ Oxygen is not required for anaerobic metabolism.
True
False Answer: True
◉ The first process in breaking down glucose at a cellular level is:
Answer: glycolysis
◉ In the absence of oxygen the cell's ability to produce energy is:
Answer: decreased
, ◉ The spinal cord gives rise to how many pairs of spinal nerves:
Answer: 31
◉ There are 12 cranial nerves that emerge from which area of the
brain: Answer: brainstem
◉ The spinal nerves comprise which of the following: Answer:
cervical 8, thoracic 12, lumbar 5, sacral 5 and coccygael 1
◉ Schwann cells form a myelin sheath in the parasympathetic
nervous system:
True
False Answer: True
◉ The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or
flight' response:
True
False Answer: True
◉ The autonomic nervous system is made up of Answer:
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What are the first clinical signs of shock? Answer: fall in BP and
increased Heart rate
◉ Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock Answer: jugular vein
distension, peripheral hypoperfusion, pulmonary oedema
◉ What type of shock is typically caused by trauma to the spinal
cord or brain? Answer: neurogenic
◉ Compensatory mechanisms typically maintain cardiac output in
healthy patients in which stage? Answer: compensatory stage
◉ What are the 2 major complications that can occur during large
amounts of fluid replacement? Answer: hypothermia and
coagulopathy
◉ Sympathomimetic drugs such as adrenaline and noradrenaline
are known as: Answer: vasopressor drugs
,◉ A patient in neurogenic shock may present with poikilothermia,
which is best defined as? Answer: c. the skin takes on the
temperature of the environment
◉ What is the action of colloids when used as fluid therapy in
hypovolaemic shock Answer: increase plasma colloid osmotic
pressure
◉ Shocks classified as 'a maldistribution of blood flow'? Answer:
anaphylactic, septic and neurogenic
◉ How many ATP molecules theoretically may be generated by the
complete oxidation of glucose into carbon dioxide? Answer: 36
◉ Cellular respiration is the name given to a series of biochemical
reactions that: Answer: uses glucose to make ATP
◉ The steps of respiration occur in different parts of the cell. Where
in the cell does glycolysis occur? Answer: cytoplasm
◉ Glycolysis produces a net gain of: Answer: 2 ATP
◉ When oxygen is present the pyruvate or pyruvic acid molecules
enter what is known as the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle or
,tricarboxylic acid cycle). Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle
occur? Answer: mitochondria
◉ Aerobic metabolism is more efficient in terms of producing ATP
from glucose than anaerobic metabolsim?
True
False Answer: True
◉ Which process produces alcohol or lactate? Answer: fermentation
◉ Oxygen is not required for anaerobic metabolism.
True
False Answer: True
◉ The first process in breaking down glucose at a cellular level is:
Answer: glycolysis
◉ In the absence of oxygen the cell's ability to produce energy is:
Answer: decreased
, ◉ The spinal cord gives rise to how many pairs of spinal nerves:
Answer: 31
◉ There are 12 cranial nerves that emerge from which area of the
brain: Answer: brainstem
◉ The spinal nerves comprise which of the following: Answer:
cervical 8, thoracic 12, lumbar 5, sacral 5 and coccygael 1
◉ Schwann cells form a myelin sheath in the parasympathetic
nervous system:
True
False Answer: True
◉ The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or
flight' response:
True
False Answer: True
◉ The autonomic nervous system is made up of Answer:
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
