GUIDE PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ What is one of the birth defects associated with Litihum? Answer:
Ebstein's anomaly
⩥ Which SSRI drug causes cardiovascular malformations in the first
trimester of pregnancy? Answer: Paroxetine (Paxil)
⩥ Mechanism of action of a stimulant for ADHD Methylphenidate and
amphetamine? Answer: increases the intrasynaptic levels of both
dopamine and norepinephrine
⩥ What causes nicotine withdrawal symptoms? Answer: Nicotine alpha
4 beta 2 post synaptic receptors desensitizes receptors which leads to
addiction. Re-sensitization of the nicotine receptors leads to withdrawal
⩥ A patient diagnosed with ADHD can't stay focused or solve work-
related problems difficulty maintaining attention sustained and problem-
solving. What area of the brain is involved? Answer: Dorsal lateral
prefontal cortex (CTSC loop)
, ⩥ What part of the brain is associated with selective attention? Answer:
Dorsal anterior singlunate
⩥ What part of the brain is associated with hyperactivity? Answer:
Prefrontal motor cortex
⩥ What part of the brain is associated with impulsivity? Answer:
Orbitofrontal cortex
⩥ Atomoxetine (Strattera) lacks abuse potential because of what
Answer: increases dopamine in the dorsal prefrontal cortex and not in
the nucleus accumbens
⩥ What fetal malformation does valproate cause? Answer: Spina bifida
⩥ What region of the brain is hypothesized to cause impulsivity?
Answer: ventral striatum
⩥ What region of the brain controls compulsivity? Answer: Dorsal
striatum
⩥ What is the MOA of atomoxetine (Strattera)? Answer: Selective
Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor: Boosts neurotransmitter
norepinephrine/ noradrenaline and may also increase dopamine in