QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Middle Ages. Answer: Science and reason began to replace the belief
of spiritual or superstitious causes of illness. Regulation of medical care
began when physicians were licensed after formal training with
experienced doctors.
◉ Renaissance. Answer: Medical publications spread information
quickly due to the invention of the printing press. The scientific method
came into use and the microscope was invented.
◉ Industrial Revolution. Answer: The stethoscope was invented and
pathogens were discovered as being responsible for many diseases. A
connection was made between health and the environment and
vaccination was introduced.
Disinfection & medical asepsis began to be practiced.
◉ Modern times. Answer: Rapid progress in science and technology was
made with discoveries in electronics and computer science (x-rays,
ultrasound, MRI machine, CT scans). EHRs allow instant transmission
of information and surgeries are performed with intricate computerized
equipment.
, ◉ Technology trend. Answer: Developments have been explosive, and
will continue to rise, throughout the 21st century. Has made healthcare
services more efficient, convenient, and has increased the availability of
services to many people.
◉ Preventive medicine and wellness trend. Answer: Shift towards self
care or personal responsibility for fitness, preventive care, spiritual
health, nutrition, stress management, etc. Changes the focus from "sick
care" to "health care."
◉ Epidemiology trend. Answer: Since vaccinations have been developed
for many diseases that devastated populations in the past,
epidemiologists are shifting their focus to diseases which are influenced
by lifestyle factors and genetics (cancer, heart disease, etc.).
◉ Healthcare reform/bioethics trend. Answer: There are ethical
implications as healthcare costs continue to rise in the US due to
growing demand and more costly procedures. Although controversial,
the Affordable Care Act made provisions to extend health insurance
coverage to millions of uninsured Americans.
◉ Outpatient care (cost containment) trend. Answer: As Medicare and
insurance companies reduce the reimbursement paid to inpatient
facilities, procedures that once required hospitalization can be done in
outpatient centers. By reducing the length of hospital stays, facilities can
reduce the cost of service.