PARAMEDIC MEDICAL COMPREHENSIVE
FINAL PAPER 2026 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
VIEW AHEAD EXAM
◍ Pain over the suprapubic region is MOST suggestive of injury to
the:
A.ureters.
B.bladder.
C.urethra.
D.iliac arteries.. Answer: B.bladder.
◍ Which of the following statements regarding Grey Turner sign is
correct?
A.Grey Turner sign is characterized by bruising around the umbilicus.
B.Grey Turner sign is characterized by flank bruising and indicates
internal bleeding.
C.The presence of Grey Turner sign should make you suspicious for
hepatitis.
D.Grey Turner sign is the cessation of inspiration during abdominal
palpation.. Answer: B.Grey Turner sign is characterized by flank
bruising and indicates internal bleeding.
◍ Clinical signs of hypokalemia include:
,A.coma and severe peripheral edema.
B.weakness and flattened T waves.
C.convulsions and absent P waves.
D.muscle cramps and peaked T waves.. Answer: B.weakness and
flattened T waves.
◍ Common signs of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract
include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A.hematochezia.
B.hematemesis.
C.dark, tarry stools.
D.melena.. Answer: A.hematochezia.
◍ Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
A.Storage of vitamins and minerals
B.Completion of red and white blood cell breakdown
C.Drug detoxification
D.Storage of bile. Answer: D.Storage of bile
◍ A 38-year-old man presents with an acute onset of severe right
upper quadrant abdominal pain, pain to his right shoulder, and nausea.
He is conscious and alert, but is restless from the pain. His blood
,pressure is 150/86 mm Hg, pulse rate is 120 beats/min and strong, and
respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:
A.start an IV with normal saline and set it to keep the vein open, place
him in a position of comfort, and administer morphine and
promethazine.
B.encourage him to remain supine to relieve his pain, monitor his
oxygen saturation level, and administer Nubain via the IM route.
C.perform a comprehensive abdominal exam, start at least one large-
bore IV line, infuse normal saline at 125 mL/hr, and consider giving
him an antiemetic medication.
D.establish vascular access with a large-bore catheter, administer a
500-mL normal saline bolus, and avoid analgesics due to the potential
for intra-abdominal. Answer: A.start an IV with normal saline and set
it to keep the vein open, place him in a position of comfort, and
administer morphine and promethazine.
◍ You are caring for a middle-aged man with severe abdominal pain
and dark, tarry stools. He is conscious but very restless. His blood
pressure is 78/52 mm Hg, pulse rate is 130 beats/min and weak, and
respirations are 24 breaths/min and shallow. Further assessment
reveals that his skin is cool and clammy and his radial pulses are
weakly present. You should:
A.apply a nasal cannula in case he vomits, start at least one large-bore
IV line, and administer up to 3 liters of normal saline solution.
B.administer high-flow oxygen, start two large-bore IV lines, and
administer 20-mL/kg normal saline boluses until his radial pulses
strengthen.
, C.administer high-flow oxygen, start a large-bore IV line, administer
a 20-mL/kg normal saline bolus, and give fentanyl for pain.
D.apply supplemental oxygen, establish vascular access, and give
isotonic crystalloid boluses until his systolic BP is at least 110 mm
Hg.. Answer: B.administer high-flow oxygen, start two large-bore IV
lines, and administer 20-mL/kg normal saline boluses until his radial
pulses strengthen.
◍ Blood that has been digested by stomach acids manifests as:
A.hematochezia.
B.bright red vomitus.
C.coffee grounds emesis.
D.gray-colored stool.. Answer: C.coffee grounds emesis.
◍ Which of the following statements regarding insulin is correct?
A.Insulin stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose.
B.Insulin is the only hormone that decreases blood glucose levels.
C.Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that performs exocrine functions.
D.An increase in insulin levels causes an increase in blood glucose..
Answer: B.Insulin is the only hormone that decreases blood glucose
levels.
◍ Microvascular complications of diabetes include all of the
following, EXCEPT:
FINAL PAPER 2026 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
VIEW AHEAD EXAM
◍ Pain over the suprapubic region is MOST suggestive of injury to
the:
A.ureters.
B.bladder.
C.urethra.
D.iliac arteries.. Answer: B.bladder.
◍ Which of the following statements regarding Grey Turner sign is
correct?
A.Grey Turner sign is characterized by bruising around the umbilicus.
B.Grey Turner sign is characterized by flank bruising and indicates
internal bleeding.
C.The presence of Grey Turner sign should make you suspicious for
hepatitis.
D.Grey Turner sign is the cessation of inspiration during abdominal
palpation.. Answer: B.Grey Turner sign is characterized by flank
bruising and indicates internal bleeding.
◍ Clinical signs of hypokalemia include:
,A.coma and severe peripheral edema.
B.weakness and flattened T waves.
C.convulsions and absent P waves.
D.muscle cramps and peaked T waves.. Answer: B.weakness and
flattened T waves.
◍ Common signs of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract
include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A.hematochezia.
B.hematemesis.
C.dark, tarry stools.
D.melena.. Answer: A.hematochezia.
◍ Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
A.Storage of vitamins and minerals
B.Completion of red and white blood cell breakdown
C.Drug detoxification
D.Storage of bile. Answer: D.Storage of bile
◍ A 38-year-old man presents with an acute onset of severe right
upper quadrant abdominal pain, pain to his right shoulder, and nausea.
He is conscious and alert, but is restless from the pain. His blood
,pressure is 150/86 mm Hg, pulse rate is 120 beats/min and strong, and
respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:
A.start an IV with normal saline and set it to keep the vein open, place
him in a position of comfort, and administer morphine and
promethazine.
B.encourage him to remain supine to relieve his pain, monitor his
oxygen saturation level, and administer Nubain via the IM route.
C.perform a comprehensive abdominal exam, start at least one large-
bore IV line, infuse normal saline at 125 mL/hr, and consider giving
him an antiemetic medication.
D.establish vascular access with a large-bore catheter, administer a
500-mL normal saline bolus, and avoid analgesics due to the potential
for intra-abdominal. Answer: A.start an IV with normal saline and set
it to keep the vein open, place him in a position of comfort, and
administer morphine and promethazine.
◍ You are caring for a middle-aged man with severe abdominal pain
and dark, tarry stools. He is conscious but very restless. His blood
pressure is 78/52 mm Hg, pulse rate is 130 beats/min and weak, and
respirations are 24 breaths/min and shallow. Further assessment
reveals that his skin is cool and clammy and his radial pulses are
weakly present. You should:
A.apply a nasal cannula in case he vomits, start at least one large-bore
IV line, and administer up to 3 liters of normal saline solution.
B.administer high-flow oxygen, start two large-bore IV lines, and
administer 20-mL/kg normal saline boluses until his radial pulses
strengthen.
, C.administer high-flow oxygen, start a large-bore IV line, administer
a 20-mL/kg normal saline bolus, and give fentanyl for pain.
D.apply supplemental oxygen, establish vascular access, and give
isotonic crystalloid boluses until his systolic BP is at least 110 mm
Hg.. Answer: B.administer high-flow oxygen, start two large-bore IV
lines, and administer 20-mL/kg normal saline boluses until his radial
pulses strengthen.
◍ Blood that has been digested by stomach acids manifests as:
A.hematochezia.
B.bright red vomitus.
C.coffee grounds emesis.
D.gray-colored stool.. Answer: C.coffee grounds emesis.
◍ Which of the following statements regarding insulin is correct?
A.Insulin stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose.
B.Insulin is the only hormone that decreases blood glucose levels.
C.Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that performs exocrine functions.
D.An increase in insulin levels causes an increase in blood glucose..
Answer: B.Insulin is the only hormone that decreases blood glucose
levels.
◍ Microvascular complications of diabetes include all of the
following, EXCEPT:
