PARAMEDIC MEDICAL TEST PAPER 2026
EXAM STUDY SHEET QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Abdominal pain that is dull in nature and cannot be narrowed to
one specific area is known as: Answer: visceral pain.
◍ Which three mechanisms can produce visceral pain? Answer:
Distension, ischemia, and inflammation
◍ A 46-year-old female alcoholic is hypotensive, in severe distress,
complaining of dysphagia, and vomiting bright red blood. Of the
following, which is the most likely cause of this patient's clinical
condition? Answer: Esophageal varices
◍ Which of the following statements would be most typical of a
patient with hepatitis? Answer: "My stools are really light in color.
◍ A 56-year-old female is conscious and alert and complaining of
diarrhea and nausea. The patient describes a two-day history of her
symptoms and states that the pain is "all over her abdomen." All four
quadrants are tender to palpation. She also describes hematochezia.
PMH includes CAD, and she recently began taking 325 mg of ASA
once a day. Of the following, which is the most likely cause of her
clinical condition? Answer: Acute gastroenteritis
,◍ Your male patient complaining of abdominal pain describes his
pain as a dull, crampy sensation that is making him nauseous. The
patient is most likely describing ________ pain. Answer: Visceral
◍ Persistent abdominal pain is considered a surgical emergency when
lasting longer than: Answer: 6 hours
◍ Your patient is a 20-year-old male who is conscious, alert, and in
severe distress. He describes a three-day history of diffuse abdominal
pain near his umbilicus that became sharp and migrated to his lower
right quadrant this morning. He states that the pain became acutely
worse half an hour ago and that he is now lightheaded and nauseated
and has vomited numerous times. You believe he may be suffering
from appendicitis. Based on his clinical presentation, the most proper
treatment, in addition to giving oxygen, would be: Answer: Provide
comfort, manage the airway, establish IV access, expedited transport
◍ Esophageal varices are most associated with: Answer: Liver
disease
◍ Which of the following mechanisms is not characteristic for a
rectal foreign body? Answer: Accidental trauma
◍ Which of the following assessment findings should you most
expect in a patient with chronic pancreatitis? Answer: Hypotension
◍ Which of the following statements about hepatitis is TRUE?
Answer: Hepatitis is caused by a wide range of potential causes
,◍ Abdominal pain that is sharp in nature and can be localized is
known as: Answer: somatic pain.
◍ Your 43-year-old male patient is alert and oriented and complaining
of abdominal pain. He states that he is experiencing nausea and has
vomited twice. Which of the following is the most appropriate follow-
up question? Answer: "What did the material you vomited look like?"
◍ Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the ligament of
Treitz is considered to be in the: Answer: Upper GI tract
◍ While palpating the lower abdomen of a 63-year-old male
complaining of back pain, you note a pulsating mass. You should:
Answer: Stop palpating
◍ Your patient is a 55-year-old male whose wife called EMS after the
patient complained of bright red bleeding during a bowel movement.
The patient refuses transport, stating he has hemorrhoids and has had
similar bleeding in the past. Which of the following statements is
most appropriate? Answer: "Similar bleeding can be caused by more
serious conditions."
◍ Abdominal pain that is originating in a region other than where it is
felt is known as: Answer: referred pain
, ◍ Your patient is a 48-year-old female with advanced hepatitis
secondary to drug and alcohol abuse. She is confused and is
noncompliant with her medications. Which of the following is the
most likely cause of her confusion? Answer: Elevated ammonia levels
◍ A 52-year-old male is in moderate distress and complaining of
nausea and vomiting. He describes a three-day history of left upper
quadrant abdominal pain described as sharp and radiating to his back.
You note a slightly distended abdomen. He called EMS today when
he developed nausea and vomiting. He denies any change of bowel
habits and states he has a history of alcoholism. Of the Answer:
Pancreatitis
◍ Your patient, who has a history of cholecystitis, is experiencing
pain in her right shoulder. She is most likely experiencing ________
pain. Answer: Referred
◍ Gastrointestinal emergencies account for ________ percent of
emergency room visits annually. Answer: 5
◍ Your patient is a 68-year-old female who is being treated for colon
cancer. She is conscious and alert, in mild distress, and complaining
of progressive weakness over the past three days. Palpation of her
abdomen reveals tenderness to the lower right quadrant. Her skin is
pale, cool, and dry, and you note the smell and appearance of melena
in her stool. HR = 108, BP = 100/60, RR = 12, SaO2 = 97%. Proper
treatment of this patient might include: Answer: Two large-bore IVs
of normal saline, 20 mL/kg fluid bolus to begin treating hemorrhagic
hypovelmia
EXAM STUDY SHEET QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Abdominal pain that is dull in nature and cannot be narrowed to
one specific area is known as: Answer: visceral pain.
◍ Which three mechanisms can produce visceral pain? Answer:
Distension, ischemia, and inflammation
◍ A 46-year-old female alcoholic is hypotensive, in severe distress,
complaining of dysphagia, and vomiting bright red blood. Of the
following, which is the most likely cause of this patient's clinical
condition? Answer: Esophageal varices
◍ Which of the following statements would be most typical of a
patient with hepatitis? Answer: "My stools are really light in color.
◍ A 56-year-old female is conscious and alert and complaining of
diarrhea and nausea. The patient describes a two-day history of her
symptoms and states that the pain is "all over her abdomen." All four
quadrants are tender to palpation. She also describes hematochezia.
PMH includes CAD, and she recently began taking 325 mg of ASA
once a day. Of the following, which is the most likely cause of her
clinical condition? Answer: Acute gastroenteritis
,◍ Your male patient complaining of abdominal pain describes his
pain as a dull, crampy sensation that is making him nauseous. The
patient is most likely describing ________ pain. Answer: Visceral
◍ Persistent abdominal pain is considered a surgical emergency when
lasting longer than: Answer: 6 hours
◍ Your patient is a 20-year-old male who is conscious, alert, and in
severe distress. He describes a three-day history of diffuse abdominal
pain near his umbilicus that became sharp and migrated to his lower
right quadrant this morning. He states that the pain became acutely
worse half an hour ago and that he is now lightheaded and nauseated
and has vomited numerous times. You believe he may be suffering
from appendicitis. Based on his clinical presentation, the most proper
treatment, in addition to giving oxygen, would be: Answer: Provide
comfort, manage the airway, establish IV access, expedited transport
◍ Esophageal varices are most associated with: Answer: Liver
disease
◍ Which of the following mechanisms is not characteristic for a
rectal foreign body? Answer: Accidental trauma
◍ Which of the following assessment findings should you most
expect in a patient with chronic pancreatitis? Answer: Hypotension
◍ Which of the following statements about hepatitis is TRUE?
Answer: Hepatitis is caused by a wide range of potential causes
,◍ Abdominal pain that is sharp in nature and can be localized is
known as: Answer: somatic pain.
◍ Your 43-year-old male patient is alert and oriented and complaining
of abdominal pain. He states that he is experiencing nausea and has
vomited twice. Which of the following is the most appropriate follow-
up question? Answer: "What did the material you vomited look like?"
◍ Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the ligament of
Treitz is considered to be in the: Answer: Upper GI tract
◍ While palpating the lower abdomen of a 63-year-old male
complaining of back pain, you note a pulsating mass. You should:
Answer: Stop palpating
◍ Your patient is a 55-year-old male whose wife called EMS after the
patient complained of bright red bleeding during a bowel movement.
The patient refuses transport, stating he has hemorrhoids and has had
similar bleeding in the past. Which of the following statements is
most appropriate? Answer: "Similar bleeding can be caused by more
serious conditions."
◍ Abdominal pain that is originating in a region other than where it is
felt is known as: Answer: referred pain
, ◍ Your patient is a 48-year-old female with advanced hepatitis
secondary to drug and alcohol abuse. She is confused and is
noncompliant with her medications. Which of the following is the
most likely cause of her confusion? Answer: Elevated ammonia levels
◍ A 52-year-old male is in moderate distress and complaining of
nausea and vomiting. He describes a three-day history of left upper
quadrant abdominal pain described as sharp and radiating to his back.
You note a slightly distended abdomen. He called EMS today when
he developed nausea and vomiting. He denies any change of bowel
habits and states he has a history of alcoholism. Of the Answer:
Pancreatitis
◍ Your patient, who has a history of cholecystitis, is experiencing
pain in her right shoulder. She is most likely experiencing ________
pain. Answer: Referred
◍ Gastrointestinal emergencies account for ________ percent of
emergency room visits annually. Answer: 5
◍ Your patient is a 68-year-old female who is being treated for colon
cancer. She is conscious and alert, in mild distress, and complaining
of progressive weakness over the past three days. Palpation of her
abdomen reveals tenderness to the lower right quadrant. Her skin is
pale, cool, and dry, and you note the smell and appearance of melena
in her stool. HR = 108, BP = 100/60, RR = 12, SaO2 = 97%. Proper
treatment of this patient might include: Answer: Two large-bore IVs
of normal saline, 20 mL/kg fluid bolus to begin treating hemorrhagic
hypovelmia
