1|Page
NAS 2 EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2026
TEST BANK| NAS 2 FINAL EXAM PREP WITH
COMPLETE 450 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
The energy released during cellular respiration is used - ANSWER - To
add a phosphate (P) to adenosine diphosphate(ADP) to make ATP
The first phase of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm, does not
use oxygen, and is called: - ANSWER - Glycolysis
Which of the following is the smallest unit that is living and is the
fundamental unit of anatomy and physiology? - ANSWER - A Cell
The ribosome - ANSWER - Is the site of protein synthesis
The Lysosome - ANSWER - Digests unwanted cellular debris
The cellular membrane is mostly composed of - ANSWER -
Phospholipids
Which of the following will increase the surface area of a cell for
absorption and secretion? - ANSWER - Microvilli
pg. 1
,2|Page
Which of the following cell surface extensions functions aid in moving a
substance past a cell? - ANSWER - Cillia
Which cell junction strongly joins two cells together and is similar to
rivets or buttons? - ANSWER - Desmosomes
Diffusion across a membrane is when - ANSWER - A substance moves
from high concentrations of that substance to low concentrations of that
substance across a cellular membrane
Which of the following can cross the cell membrane by simple
diffusion? - ANSWER - O2
If there is a high concentration of Na+ in the ECF and a low
concentration in the ICF, which way would Na+ move if a Na+ channel
opened? - ANSWER - Na+ would move into the cell
If a cell were placed into a hypertonic solution, the cell would -
ANSWER - Crenate(Shrink)
Which of the following will result in creation of a concentration
gradient? - ANSWER - Pumps(active transport)
Which process does a cell use to engulf large substances? - ANSWER -
Endocytosis
pg. 2
,3|Page
Mitosis is important for - ANSWER - Tissue growth, cell replacement,
and tissue repair
Production of mRNA from DNA takes place in the - ANSWER -
Nucleus and is called transcription
How many pairs of chromosomes does a normal, healthy human have? -
ANSWER - 23
What are the 2 types of membrane transport? - ANSWER - Passive
Transport and Active Transport
Define diffusion - ANSWER - the natural movement of substances down
a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration
What are the main characteristics of Passive Transport? - ANSWER -
Does NOT use any ATP (energy)
Driven by the process of diffusion
There are 3 forms
Explain Simple Diffusion - ANSWER - Always from high to low
concentration
Move into/out of a cell b squeezing between phospholipids
pg. 3
, 4|Page
Explain Facilitated Diffusion - ANSWER - Muscle and nerve cells
(neurons) have special proteins embedded in their membranes called
CHANNELS that allow ions to get through the membrane (the channels
are facilitating the diffusions of ions into and out of cells; ions can only
move from high concentration to low concentration)
What are Transporters? - ANSWER - These are transport proteins that
help larger substances, such as amino acids and monosaccharides
(glucose) to enter the cell during facilitated diffusion.
What is Osmosis? Define characteristics. - ANSWER - Requires a
selectively-permeable membrane to work (the membrane allows water to
diffuse but blocks solutes [especially proteins])
Direction of water flow is determined by looking at the solute
concentration (water will diffuse from an area of lower solute
concentration to an area of higher solute concentration)
What are the 3 forms of Passive Transport? - ANSWER - Simple
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Define Tonicity - ANSWER - The difference in solute concentration
between the cell and the surrounding solution.
pg. 4
NAS 2 EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2026
TEST BANK| NAS 2 FINAL EXAM PREP WITH
COMPLETE 450 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
The energy released during cellular respiration is used - ANSWER - To
add a phosphate (P) to adenosine diphosphate(ADP) to make ATP
The first phase of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm, does not
use oxygen, and is called: - ANSWER - Glycolysis
Which of the following is the smallest unit that is living and is the
fundamental unit of anatomy and physiology? - ANSWER - A Cell
The ribosome - ANSWER - Is the site of protein synthesis
The Lysosome - ANSWER - Digests unwanted cellular debris
The cellular membrane is mostly composed of - ANSWER -
Phospholipids
Which of the following will increase the surface area of a cell for
absorption and secretion? - ANSWER - Microvilli
pg. 1
,2|Page
Which of the following cell surface extensions functions aid in moving a
substance past a cell? - ANSWER - Cillia
Which cell junction strongly joins two cells together and is similar to
rivets or buttons? - ANSWER - Desmosomes
Diffusion across a membrane is when - ANSWER - A substance moves
from high concentrations of that substance to low concentrations of that
substance across a cellular membrane
Which of the following can cross the cell membrane by simple
diffusion? - ANSWER - O2
If there is a high concentration of Na+ in the ECF and a low
concentration in the ICF, which way would Na+ move if a Na+ channel
opened? - ANSWER - Na+ would move into the cell
If a cell were placed into a hypertonic solution, the cell would -
ANSWER - Crenate(Shrink)
Which of the following will result in creation of a concentration
gradient? - ANSWER - Pumps(active transport)
Which process does a cell use to engulf large substances? - ANSWER -
Endocytosis
pg. 2
,3|Page
Mitosis is important for - ANSWER - Tissue growth, cell replacement,
and tissue repair
Production of mRNA from DNA takes place in the - ANSWER -
Nucleus and is called transcription
How many pairs of chromosomes does a normal, healthy human have? -
ANSWER - 23
What are the 2 types of membrane transport? - ANSWER - Passive
Transport and Active Transport
Define diffusion - ANSWER - the natural movement of substances down
a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration
What are the main characteristics of Passive Transport? - ANSWER -
Does NOT use any ATP (energy)
Driven by the process of diffusion
There are 3 forms
Explain Simple Diffusion - ANSWER - Always from high to low
concentration
Move into/out of a cell b squeezing between phospholipids
pg. 3
, 4|Page
Explain Facilitated Diffusion - ANSWER - Muscle and nerve cells
(neurons) have special proteins embedded in their membranes called
CHANNELS that allow ions to get through the membrane (the channels
are facilitating the diffusions of ions into and out of cells; ions can only
move from high concentration to low concentration)
What are Transporters? - ANSWER - These are transport proteins that
help larger substances, such as amino acids and monosaccharides
(glucose) to enter the cell during facilitated diffusion.
What is Osmosis? Define characteristics. - ANSWER - Requires a
selectively-permeable membrane to work (the membrane allows water to
diffuse but blocks solutes [especially proteins])
Direction of water flow is determined by looking at the solute
concentration (water will diffuse from an area of lower solute
concentration to an area of higher solute concentration)
What are the 3 forms of Passive Transport? - ANSWER - Simple
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Define Tonicity - ANSWER - The difference in solute concentration
between the cell and the surrounding solution.
pg. 4
