1|Page
NAS 2 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM
TEST BANK| NAS 2 CERTIFICATION EXAM WITH
COMPLETE 400 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
How many ATP are produced during the Krebs cycle? - ANSWER - 2
What happens to the remainder of the energy harvested through the
Krebs cycle? - ANSWER - It is transferred to reduced coenzymes that
will go through the ETC and be converted to ATP.
What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle? - ANSWER - The
production of reduced co-enzymes.
What is the function of the electron transport chain? - ANSWER - The
synthesis of ATP
What is a by-production of the ETC reaction - ANSWER - Water as the
H- is released and combined w/ oxygen
Define Chemiosmosis - ANSWER - the process by which ATP is
produced as hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient.
pg. 1
,2|Page
What protein enzyme is involved in chemiosmosis? - ANSWER - ATP
Synthase
Why is ATP construction an example of an anabolic reaction? -
ANSWER - simpler molecules are built up into more complex
molecules to form ATP.
Why is breaking down larger and more complex food molecules an
example of catabolism - ANSWER - Catabolism is breaking down
larger, more complex molecules in order to harvest energy from them.
Identify the two different types of reactions involved in energy transfer. -
ANSWER - 1. Oxidation & reductions reactions - produce reduced
coenzymes which receive energy from high energy fuel molecules. 2.
ATP generation reactions - produce ATP which stores the energy
harvested from the reduced coenzymes.
Describe an oxidation reaction and explain an example involving this
energy transfer process - ANSWER - Oxidation liberates energy in the
form of H atoms from high energy fuel molecules. An example is the
conversion of lactic acid into pyruvic acid.
Describe a reduction reaction and explain an example involving this
energy transfer process. - ANSWER - Reduction transfers the liberated
energy to a molecule
pg. 2
,3|Page
Define phosphorylation - ANSWER - adding a phosphate group to ADP
to form ATP
What is the role of the coenzyme in the oxidation-reduction process? -
ANSWER - the coenzyme is used to transfer energy to ADP which then
become ATP.
What is the energy store in the NADH coenzyme used to accomplish? -
ANSWER - The energy is used to catalyze reactions that will form ATP.
Various hormones regulate nutrient metabolism. Generally describe what
happens during the absorptive State. - ANSWER - Nutrients originate
from the digestive system and are either oxidized or stored
What happens during the post-absorptive state? - ANSWER - nutrients
are mobilized from a variety of storage sources
During the absorptive state, what causes insulin levels to increase? -
ANSWER - Increased Glucose elevation levels after a meal
What gland secretes insulin? - ANSWER - Pancreas
How does insulin affect the transport into cells? - ANSWER - Insulin
stimulates the transport of glucose into cells for glucose catabolism.
pg. 3
, 4|Page
How does insulin affect the storage of glycogen? - ANSWER - Insulin
stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage in liver &
muscle cells
How does insulin affect stored triglycerides? - ANSWER - Insulin
stimulates the synthesis of triglycerides in liver and fat cells.
How does insulin affect new protein production? - ANSWER - Insulin
stimulates the use of amino acids for the production of new proteins.
What are the net results of insulin during the absorptive state? -
ANSWER - 1. Providing glucose for oxidation and generation of ATP.
2. Storage of fuel molecules in the liver, muscle, and fat cells.
3. Providing amino acids for the production of proteins.
how many electrons does oxygen have - ANSWER - 8
how many electrons does oxygen have in its first electron shell -
ANSWER - 2
how many electrons does oxygen have in its valence shell - ANSWER -
6
pg. 4
NAS 2 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM
TEST BANK| NAS 2 CERTIFICATION EXAM WITH
COMPLETE 400 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
How many ATP are produced during the Krebs cycle? - ANSWER - 2
What happens to the remainder of the energy harvested through the
Krebs cycle? - ANSWER - It is transferred to reduced coenzymes that
will go through the ETC and be converted to ATP.
What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle? - ANSWER - The
production of reduced co-enzymes.
What is the function of the electron transport chain? - ANSWER - The
synthesis of ATP
What is a by-production of the ETC reaction - ANSWER - Water as the
H- is released and combined w/ oxygen
Define Chemiosmosis - ANSWER - the process by which ATP is
produced as hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient.
pg. 1
,2|Page
What protein enzyme is involved in chemiosmosis? - ANSWER - ATP
Synthase
Why is ATP construction an example of an anabolic reaction? -
ANSWER - simpler molecules are built up into more complex
molecules to form ATP.
Why is breaking down larger and more complex food molecules an
example of catabolism - ANSWER - Catabolism is breaking down
larger, more complex molecules in order to harvest energy from them.
Identify the two different types of reactions involved in energy transfer. -
ANSWER - 1. Oxidation & reductions reactions - produce reduced
coenzymes which receive energy from high energy fuel molecules. 2.
ATP generation reactions - produce ATP which stores the energy
harvested from the reduced coenzymes.
Describe an oxidation reaction and explain an example involving this
energy transfer process - ANSWER - Oxidation liberates energy in the
form of H atoms from high energy fuel molecules. An example is the
conversion of lactic acid into pyruvic acid.
Describe a reduction reaction and explain an example involving this
energy transfer process. - ANSWER - Reduction transfers the liberated
energy to a molecule
pg. 2
,3|Page
Define phosphorylation - ANSWER - adding a phosphate group to ADP
to form ATP
What is the role of the coenzyme in the oxidation-reduction process? -
ANSWER - the coenzyme is used to transfer energy to ADP which then
become ATP.
What is the energy store in the NADH coenzyme used to accomplish? -
ANSWER - The energy is used to catalyze reactions that will form ATP.
Various hormones regulate nutrient metabolism. Generally describe what
happens during the absorptive State. - ANSWER - Nutrients originate
from the digestive system and are either oxidized or stored
What happens during the post-absorptive state? - ANSWER - nutrients
are mobilized from a variety of storage sources
During the absorptive state, what causes insulin levels to increase? -
ANSWER - Increased Glucose elevation levels after a meal
What gland secretes insulin? - ANSWER - Pancreas
How does insulin affect the transport into cells? - ANSWER - Insulin
stimulates the transport of glucose into cells for glucose catabolism.
pg. 3
, 4|Page
How does insulin affect the storage of glycogen? - ANSWER - Insulin
stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage in liver &
muscle cells
How does insulin affect stored triglycerides? - ANSWER - Insulin
stimulates the synthesis of triglycerides in liver and fat cells.
How does insulin affect new protein production? - ANSWER - Insulin
stimulates the use of amino acids for the production of new proteins.
What are the net results of insulin during the absorptive state? -
ANSWER - 1. Providing glucose for oxidation and generation of ATP.
2. Storage of fuel molecules in the liver, muscle, and fat cells.
3. Providing amino acids for the production of proteins.
how many electrons does oxygen have - ANSWER - 8
how many electrons does oxygen have in its first electron shell -
ANSWER - 2
how many electrons does oxygen have in its valence shell - ANSWER -
6
pg. 4
