WGU C785 Final Exam 2024 With All The Correct
Answers | Latest Update!!!!
What2is2the2basic2structure2of2an2amino2acid?2What2do2they2look2like?2-
2Answer2:22amino2group2(NH22or2NH3),2carboxyl2group2(COO2or2COOH),2alpha2carbon2(C),2and2variable2g
roup
How2do2you2identify2the232different2types2of2side2chains:2non-polar/hydrophobic,2polar,2and2charged?2-
2Answer2:22Non-polar/hydrophobic2-2end2with2CH2or2"can't2have"2water.2Polar2-
2end2with2OH,2SH,2or2NH.2Charged2-2end2with2a2charge
what2kinds2of2bonds2do2each2of2the232different2types2of2side2chains2make?2-
2Answer2:22ionic,2hydrophobic/non-polar,2charged
What2are2the242levels2of2protein2structure?2-2Answer2:22Primary2-2linear2structure,2Secondary2-
2Folded2into2helix2or2pleated2sheet2caused2by2hydrogen2bonding,2tertiary2-
23D2structure2caused2by2side2chain2interactions,2quaternary2-
21+2amino2acid2chains2combine2=2multiple2subunits2MUST2have21+2subunit
What2enviormental2change2breaks2each2type2of2bond?2-2Answer2:22hydrophobic2-
2temperature2change,2ionic2-2salt2or2decreased2pH,2hydrogen2-2temperature,2change2in2pH,2disulfide2-
2reducing2agents
what2type2of2amino2acid2side2chain2leads2to2protein2aggregration?2-2Answer2:22hydrophobic2bonds
how2do2environmental2changes2affect2protein2folding?2-
2Answer2:22Extreme2temp2can2cause2hydrogen2bonds2to2break2apart2=2malformation2of2protein2folding
how2do2mutations2affect2protein2structure?2-
2Answer2:22Can2cause2structure2to2change.2Protein2loses2form2=2loses2function.2May2form2a2different2pro
tein.
What2is2an2electron?2-2Answer2:22Negatively2charged2atom2on2outer2ring2for2bonding
What2is2energy:2-2Answer2:22Power2derived2fro2chemical2interaction
what2are2covalent2bonds?2-2Answer2:22chemical2bond,2atoms2share21+2valence2electrons
what2is2an2ionic2bond?2-2Answer2:22bond2between2positive2and2negative
what2is2a2hydrogen2bond?2-2Answer2:22weak2bond2between2positive2and2negative
with2an2amino?2-2Answer2:22piece2of2amino2acid,2NH22or2NH3
what2is2a2carboyxl?2-2Answer2:22piece2of2amino2acid,2COO2or2COOH
What2is2hydrophobic?2-2Answer2:22Doesn't2like2water,2end2with2CH
what2is2hydrophilic?2-2Answer2:22Water2Lovering,2end2with2OH,2NH,2or2SH
what2is2disulfide2bond?2-2Answer2:22strongest2bond2between2reduction2agents,2formed2between2SH's.
, what2are2zwitterions?2-2Answer2:22amino2with2positive2and2negative2charges2=2overall2charge2of2zero
what2is2a2polypeptide2-2Answer2:22polymer2of2amino2acids
What2is2dehydration2synthesis?2-2Answer2:22Process2of2forming2peptide2bonds
what2is2hydrolysis?2-2Answer2:22adding2water2to2destroy2bonds
what2is2an2alpha2helix?2-2Answer2:22twisted2secondary2structure,2formed2by2hydrogen2bonds
what2is2a2beta2sheet?2-2Answer2:22folded2second2structure2shape,2formed2by2hydrogen2bonds
what2is2denaturation?2-
2Answer2:22loss2of2shape2duet2o2interruption2of2chemical2bonds;2occurs2via2extreme2salt,2temp,2pH
what2is2aggregation?2-
2Answer2:22clumping2of2inner2or2outer2cellular2proteins2caused2by2misfolded2proteins2leading2to2diseases
2such2as2Alzheimers,2ALS,2Parkinson's
how2do2enzymes2catalyze2reactions?2-
2Answer2:22bind2with2substrates2to2decrease2activation2energy2required2and2decrease2reaction2rate
how2do2enzymes2affect2reaction2rate2and2activation2energy?2-
2Answer2:22decrease2activation2energy2and2decrease2reaction2rate
what2are2the242steps2of2the2enzymatic2cycle?2-
2Answer2:22enzyme2recognizes2substrate,2substrate2attracts2the2enzyme;2enzyme-
substrate2complex2is2formed;2enzyme-product2complex2formed;2product2is2released,2enzyme2recycled
how2do2environmental2changes2affect2enzymes?2-
2Answer2:22High2heat,2pH2change,2high2salt2concentration,2and2reducing2agents2can2cause2an2enzyme2to2
lose2its2form/lose2function
what2is2a2competitive2inhibitor?2-
2Answer2:22Mimics2substrate2and2takes2its2place2on2the2active2binding2site
what2is2a2noncompetitive2inhibitor?2-
2Answer2:22Binds2to2allosteric2site2causing2active2site2to2change2shape2=2preventing2substrate2from2bindi
ng2with2enzyme
what2molecules2increase/build2up2or2decrease2given2a2specific2inhibitor?2A2->2(enzyme21)2->2B2-
>2(enzyme22)2->2C2->2(enzyme23)2->2D.2Pretend2Enzyme222is2inhibited.2-
2Answer2:22Inhibitor2would2cause2a2build2up2for2product2B,2decrease2product2C.2Enzyme232and2product2D
2would2not2be2created.
what2is2substrate?2-2Answer2:22the2substance2on2which2an2enzyme2acts
what2is2a2product?2-2Answer2:22result2of2a2reaction
what2is2an2intermediate?2-2Answer2:22products2produced2in2an2enzyme2pathway2before2final2product
what2is2an2active2site?2-2Answer2:22location2where2substrate2binds2with2enzyme
Answers | Latest Update!!!!
What2is2the2basic2structure2of2an2amino2acid?2What2do2they2look2like?2-
2Answer2:22amino2group2(NH22or2NH3),2carboxyl2group2(COO2or2COOH),2alpha2carbon2(C),2and2variable2g
roup
How2do2you2identify2the232different2types2of2side2chains:2non-polar/hydrophobic,2polar,2and2charged?2-
2Answer2:22Non-polar/hydrophobic2-2end2with2CH2or2"can't2have"2water.2Polar2-
2end2with2OH,2SH,2or2NH.2Charged2-2end2with2a2charge
what2kinds2of2bonds2do2each2of2the232different2types2of2side2chains2make?2-
2Answer2:22ionic,2hydrophobic/non-polar,2charged
What2are2the242levels2of2protein2structure?2-2Answer2:22Primary2-2linear2structure,2Secondary2-
2Folded2into2helix2or2pleated2sheet2caused2by2hydrogen2bonding,2tertiary2-
23D2structure2caused2by2side2chain2interactions,2quaternary2-
21+2amino2acid2chains2combine2=2multiple2subunits2MUST2have21+2subunit
What2enviormental2change2breaks2each2type2of2bond?2-2Answer2:22hydrophobic2-
2temperature2change,2ionic2-2salt2or2decreased2pH,2hydrogen2-2temperature,2change2in2pH,2disulfide2-
2reducing2agents
what2type2of2amino2acid2side2chain2leads2to2protein2aggregration?2-2Answer2:22hydrophobic2bonds
how2do2environmental2changes2affect2protein2folding?2-
2Answer2:22Extreme2temp2can2cause2hydrogen2bonds2to2break2apart2=2malformation2of2protein2folding
how2do2mutations2affect2protein2structure?2-
2Answer2:22Can2cause2structure2to2change.2Protein2loses2form2=2loses2function.2May2form2a2different2pro
tein.
What2is2an2electron?2-2Answer2:22Negatively2charged2atom2on2outer2ring2for2bonding
What2is2energy:2-2Answer2:22Power2derived2fro2chemical2interaction
what2are2covalent2bonds?2-2Answer2:22chemical2bond,2atoms2share21+2valence2electrons
what2is2an2ionic2bond?2-2Answer2:22bond2between2positive2and2negative
what2is2a2hydrogen2bond?2-2Answer2:22weak2bond2between2positive2and2negative
with2an2amino?2-2Answer2:22piece2of2amino2acid,2NH22or2NH3
what2is2a2carboyxl?2-2Answer2:22piece2of2amino2acid,2COO2or2COOH
What2is2hydrophobic?2-2Answer2:22Doesn't2like2water,2end2with2CH
what2is2hydrophilic?2-2Answer2:22Water2Lovering,2end2with2OH,2NH,2or2SH
what2is2disulfide2bond?2-2Answer2:22strongest2bond2between2reduction2agents,2formed2between2SH's.
, what2are2zwitterions?2-2Answer2:22amino2with2positive2and2negative2charges2=2overall2charge2of2zero
what2is2a2polypeptide2-2Answer2:22polymer2of2amino2acids
What2is2dehydration2synthesis?2-2Answer2:22Process2of2forming2peptide2bonds
what2is2hydrolysis?2-2Answer2:22adding2water2to2destroy2bonds
what2is2an2alpha2helix?2-2Answer2:22twisted2secondary2structure,2formed2by2hydrogen2bonds
what2is2a2beta2sheet?2-2Answer2:22folded2second2structure2shape,2formed2by2hydrogen2bonds
what2is2denaturation?2-
2Answer2:22loss2of2shape2duet2o2interruption2of2chemical2bonds;2occurs2via2extreme2salt,2temp,2pH
what2is2aggregation?2-
2Answer2:22clumping2of2inner2or2outer2cellular2proteins2caused2by2misfolded2proteins2leading2to2diseases
2such2as2Alzheimers,2ALS,2Parkinson's
how2do2enzymes2catalyze2reactions?2-
2Answer2:22bind2with2substrates2to2decrease2activation2energy2required2and2decrease2reaction2rate
how2do2enzymes2affect2reaction2rate2and2activation2energy?2-
2Answer2:22decrease2activation2energy2and2decrease2reaction2rate
what2are2the242steps2of2the2enzymatic2cycle?2-
2Answer2:22enzyme2recognizes2substrate,2substrate2attracts2the2enzyme;2enzyme-
substrate2complex2is2formed;2enzyme-product2complex2formed;2product2is2released,2enzyme2recycled
how2do2environmental2changes2affect2enzymes?2-
2Answer2:22High2heat,2pH2change,2high2salt2concentration,2and2reducing2agents2can2cause2an2enzyme2to2
lose2its2form/lose2function
what2is2a2competitive2inhibitor?2-
2Answer2:22Mimics2substrate2and2takes2its2place2on2the2active2binding2site
what2is2a2noncompetitive2inhibitor?2-
2Answer2:22Binds2to2allosteric2site2causing2active2site2to2change2shape2=2preventing2substrate2from2bindi
ng2with2enzyme
what2molecules2increase/build2up2or2decrease2given2a2specific2inhibitor?2A2->2(enzyme21)2->2B2-
>2(enzyme22)2->2C2->2(enzyme23)2->2D.2Pretend2Enzyme222is2inhibited.2-
2Answer2:22Inhibitor2would2cause2a2build2up2for2product2B,2decrease2product2C.2Enzyme232and2product2D
2would2not2be2created.
what2is2substrate?2-2Answer2:22the2substance2on2which2an2enzyme2acts
what2is2a2product?2-2Answer2:22result2of2a2reaction
what2is2an2intermediate?2-2Answer2:22products2produced2in2an2enzyme2pathway2before2final2product
what2is2an2active2site?2-2Answer2:22location2where2substrate2binds2with2enzyme
