WGU C785 Final Exam 2026 With All The Correct
Answers|Updated!!!!!
What;is;the;basic;structure;of;an;amino;acid?;What;do;they;look;like?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;amino;group;(NH2;or;NH3),;carboxyl;group;(COO;or;COOH),;alpha;carbon;(C),;and;
variable;group
How;do;you;identify;the;3;different;types;of;side;chains:;non-
polar/hydrophobic,;polar,;and;charged?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Non-polar/hydrophobic;-
;end;with;CH;or;"can't;have";water.;Polar;-;end;with;OH,;SH,;or;NH.;Charged;-;end;with;a;charge
what;kinds;of;bonds;do;each;of;the;3;different;types;of;side;chains;make?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;ionic,;hydrophobic/non-polar,;charged
What;are;the;4;levels;of;protein;structure?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Primary;-;linear;structure,;Secondary;-
;Folded;into;helix;or;pleated;sheet;caused;by;hydrogen;bonding,;tertiary;-
;3D;structure;caused;by;side;chain;interactions,;quaternary;-
;1+;amino;acid;chains;combine;=;multiple;subunits;MUST;have;1+;subunit
What;enviormental;change;breaks;each;type;of;bond?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;hydrophobic;-
;temperature;change,;ionic;-;salt;or;decreased;pH,;hydrogen;-;temperature,;change;in;pH,;disulfide;-
;reducing;agents
what;type;of;amino;acid;side;chain;leads;to;protein;aggregration?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;hydrophobic;bonds
how;do;environmental;changes;affect;protein;folding?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Extreme;temp;can;cause;hydrogen;bonds;to;break;apart;=;malformation;of;protei
n;folding
how;do;mutations;affect;protein;structure?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Can;cause;structure;to;change.;Protein;loses;form;=;loses;function.;May;form;a;dif
ferent;protein.
What;is;an;electron?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Negatively;charged;atom;on;outer;ring;for;bonding
What;is;energy:;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Power;derived;fro;chemical;interaction
what;are;covalent;bonds?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;chemical;bond,;atoms;share;1+;valence;electrons
what;is;an;ionic;bond?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;bond;between;positive;and;negative
what;is;a;hydrogen;bond?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;weak;bond;between;positive;and;negative
with;an;amino?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;piece;of;amino;acid,;NH2;or;NH3
what;is;a;carboyxl?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;piece;of;amino;acid,;COO;or;COOH
,What;is;hydrophobic?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Doesn't;like;water,;end;with;CH
what;is;hydrophilic?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Water;Lovering,;end;with;OH,;NH,;or;SH
what;is;disulfide;bond?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;strongest;bond;between;reduction;agents,;formed;between;SH's.
what;are;zwitterions?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;amino;with;positive;and;negative;charges;=;overall;charge;of;zero
what;is;a;polypeptide;-;Correct;Answer;:;;polymer;of;amino;acids
What;is;dehydration;synthesis?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Process;of;forming;peptide;bonds
what;is;hydrolysis?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;adding;water;to;destroy;bonds
what;is;an;alpha;helix?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;twisted;secondary;structure,;formed;by;hydrogen;bonds
what;is;a;beta;sheet?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;folded;second;structure;shape,;formed;by;hydrogen;bonds
what;is;denaturation?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;loss;of;shape;duet;o;interruption;of;chemical;bonds;;occurs;via;extreme;salt,;tem
p,;pH
what;is;aggregation?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;clumping;of;inner;or;outer;cellular;proteins;caused;by;misfolded;proteins;leading;
to;diseases;such;as;Alzheimers,;ALS,;Parkinson's
how;do;enzymes;catalyze;reactions?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;bind;with;substrates;to;decrease;activation;energy;required;and;decrease;reactio
n;rate
how;do;enzymes;affect;reaction;rate;and;activation;energy?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;decrease;activation;energy;and;decrease;reaction;rate
what;are;the;4;steps;of;the;enzymatic;cycle?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;enzyme;recognizes;substrate,;substrate;attracts;the;enzyme;;enzyme-
substrate;complex;is;formed;;enzyme-
product;complex;formed;;product;is;released,;enzyme;recycled
how;do;environmental;changes;affect;enzymes?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;High;heat,;pH;change,;high;salt;concentration,;and;reducing;agents;can;cause;an;
enzyme;to;lose;its;form/lose;function
what;is;a;competitive;inhibitor?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Mimics;substrate;and;takes;its;place;on;the;active;binding;site
, what;is;a;noncompetitive;inhibitor?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Binds;to;allosteric;site;causing;active;site;to;change;shape;=;preventing;substrate;f
rom;binding;with;enzyme
what;molecules;increase/build;up;or;decrease;given;a;specific;inhibitor?;A;->;(enzyme;1);->;B;-
>;(enzyme;2);->;C;->;(enzyme;3);->;D.;Pretend;Enzyme;2;is;inhibited.;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Inhibitor;would;cause;a;build;up;for;product;B,;decrease;product;C.;Enzyme;3;and;
product;D;would;not;be;created.
what;is;substrate?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;the;substance;on;which;an;enzyme;acts
what;is;a;product?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;result;of;a;reaction
what;is;an;intermediate?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;products;produced;in;an;enzyme;pathway;before;final;product
what;is;an;active;site?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;location;where;substrate;binds;with;enzyme
what;is;enzyme;specificity?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Enzymes;bind;with;certain;substrate;or;type;of;substrate;to;create;a;certain;reacti
on
what;is;induced;fit?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Enzyme;changes;shape;in;enzyme-
substrate;complex;to;facilitate;formation;of;enzyme-product;complex
what;is;kinase?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Enzyme,;adds;phosphate;group;via;phosphorlation
what;is;phosphatase?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;enzyme,;removes;phosphate;group;via;dephosphorylation
with;is;an;allosteric;site?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;secondary;site;on;an;enzyme;an;inhibitor;binds;to;via;non-competitive;inhibition
what;is;competitive;inhibition?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;enzyme;substrate;and;inhibitor;complex;compete;to;bind;with;enzyme's;active;sit
e.;no;product;formed;when;inhibitor;binds;with;enzyme.
what;is;non-competitive;inhibition?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;inhibitor;binds;to;allosteric;site,;not;active;site.;Changes;shape;of;active;site,;prev
enting;substrate;from;binding;and;making;product
what;is;feedback;inhibition?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;End;product;sends;feedback;to;beginning;of;enzyme;pathway;inhibiting;1st;enzy
me;via;noncompetitive;inhibition
what;nucleotides/bases;are;used;in;DNA?;what;are;their;abbreviations/full;names?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;C;-;cytosine,;G;-;guanine,;A;-;adenine,;T;-;thyamine
Answers|Updated!!!!!
What;is;the;basic;structure;of;an;amino;acid?;What;do;they;look;like?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;amino;group;(NH2;or;NH3),;carboxyl;group;(COO;or;COOH),;alpha;carbon;(C),;and;
variable;group
How;do;you;identify;the;3;different;types;of;side;chains:;non-
polar/hydrophobic,;polar,;and;charged?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Non-polar/hydrophobic;-
;end;with;CH;or;"can't;have";water.;Polar;-;end;with;OH,;SH,;or;NH.;Charged;-;end;with;a;charge
what;kinds;of;bonds;do;each;of;the;3;different;types;of;side;chains;make?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;ionic,;hydrophobic/non-polar,;charged
What;are;the;4;levels;of;protein;structure?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Primary;-;linear;structure,;Secondary;-
;Folded;into;helix;or;pleated;sheet;caused;by;hydrogen;bonding,;tertiary;-
;3D;structure;caused;by;side;chain;interactions,;quaternary;-
;1+;amino;acid;chains;combine;=;multiple;subunits;MUST;have;1+;subunit
What;enviormental;change;breaks;each;type;of;bond?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;hydrophobic;-
;temperature;change,;ionic;-;salt;or;decreased;pH,;hydrogen;-;temperature,;change;in;pH,;disulfide;-
;reducing;agents
what;type;of;amino;acid;side;chain;leads;to;protein;aggregration?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;hydrophobic;bonds
how;do;environmental;changes;affect;protein;folding?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Extreme;temp;can;cause;hydrogen;bonds;to;break;apart;=;malformation;of;protei
n;folding
how;do;mutations;affect;protein;structure?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Can;cause;structure;to;change.;Protein;loses;form;=;loses;function.;May;form;a;dif
ferent;protein.
What;is;an;electron?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Negatively;charged;atom;on;outer;ring;for;bonding
What;is;energy:;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Power;derived;fro;chemical;interaction
what;are;covalent;bonds?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;chemical;bond,;atoms;share;1+;valence;electrons
what;is;an;ionic;bond?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;bond;between;positive;and;negative
what;is;a;hydrogen;bond?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;weak;bond;between;positive;and;negative
with;an;amino?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;piece;of;amino;acid,;NH2;or;NH3
what;is;a;carboyxl?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;piece;of;amino;acid,;COO;or;COOH
,What;is;hydrophobic?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Doesn't;like;water,;end;with;CH
what;is;hydrophilic?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Water;Lovering,;end;with;OH,;NH,;or;SH
what;is;disulfide;bond?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;strongest;bond;between;reduction;agents,;formed;between;SH's.
what;are;zwitterions?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;amino;with;positive;and;negative;charges;=;overall;charge;of;zero
what;is;a;polypeptide;-;Correct;Answer;:;;polymer;of;amino;acids
What;is;dehydration;synthesis?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Process;of;forming;peptide;bonds
what;is;hydrolysis?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;adding;water;to;destroy;bonds
what;is;an;alpha;helix?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;twisted;secondary;structure,;formed;by;hydrogen;bonds
what;is;a;beta;sheet?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;folded;second;structure;shape,;formed;by;hydrogen;bonds
what;is;denaturation?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;loss;of;shape;duet;o;interruption;of;chemical;bonds;;occurs;via;extreme;salt,;tem
p,;pH
what;is;aggregation?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;clumping;of;inner;or;outer;cellular;proteins;caused;by;misfolded;proteins;leading;
to;diseases;such;as;Alzheimers,;ALS,;Parkinson's
how;do;enzymes;catalyze;reactions?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;bind;with;substrates;to;decrease;activation;energy;required;and;decrease;reactio
n;rate
how;do;enzymes;affect;reaction;rate;and;activation;energy?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;decrease;activation;energy;and;decrease;reaction;rate
what;are;the;4;steps;of;the;enzymatic;cycle?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;enzyme;recognizes;substrate,;substrate;attracts;the;enzyme;;enzyme-
substrate;complex;is;formed;;enzyme-
product;complex;formed;;product;is;released,;enzyme;recycled
how;do;environmental;changes;affect;enzymes?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;High;heat,;pH;change,;high;salt;concentration,;and;reducing;agents;can;cause;an;
enzyme;to;lose;its;form/lose;function
what;is;a;competitive;inhibitor?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Mimics;substrate;and;takes;its;place;on;the;active;binding;site
, what;is;a;noncompetitive;inhibitor?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Binds;to;allosteric;site;causing;active;site;to;change;shape;=;preventing;substrate;f
rom;binding;with;enzyme
what;molecules;increase/build;up;or;decrease;given;a;specific;inhibitor?;A;->;(enzyme;1);->;B;-
>;(enzyme;2);->;C;->;(enzyme;3);->;D.;Pretend;Enzyme;2;is;inhibited.;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Inhibitor;would;cause;a;build;up;for;product;B,;decrease;product;C.;Enzyme;3;and;
product;D;would;not;be;created.
what;is;substrate?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;the;substance;on;which;an;enzyme;acts
what;is;a;product?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;result;of;a;reaction
what;is;an;intermediate?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;products;produced;in;an;enzyme;pathway;before;final;product
what;is;an;active;site?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;location;where;substrate;binds;with;enzyme
what;is;enzyme;specificity?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;Enzymes;bind;with;certain;substrate;or;type;of;substrate;to;create;a;certain;reacti
on
what;is;induced;fit?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Enzyme;changes;shape;in;enzyme-
substrate;complex;to;facilitate;formation;of;enzyme-product;complex
what;is;kinase?;-;Correct;Answer;:;;Enzyme,;adds;phosphate;group;via;phosphorlation
what;is;phosphatase?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;enzyme,;removes;phosphate;group;via;dephosphorylation
with;is;an;allosteric;site?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;secondary;site;on;an;enzyme;an;inhibitor;binds;to;via;non-competitive;inhibition
what;is;competitive;inhibition?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;enzyme;substrate;and;inhibitor;complex;compete;to;bind;with;enzyme's;active;sit
e.;no;product;formed;when;inhibitor;binds;with;enzyme.
what;is;non-competitive;inhibition?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;inhibitor;binds;to;allosteric;site,;not;active;site.;Changes;shape;of;active;site,;prev
enting;substrate;from;binding;and;making;product
what;is;feedback;inhibition?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;End;product;sends;feedback;to;beginning;of;enzyme;pathway;inhibiting;1st;enzy
me;via;noncompetitive;inhibition
what;nucleotides/bases;are;used;in;DNA?;what;are;their;abbreviations/full;names?;-
;Correct;Answer;:;;C;-;cytosine,;G;-;guanine,;A;-;adenine,;T;-;thyamine
