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What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult?
350ml
How much air is in the average adult ventilation?
500ml
How much air is lost in the area of dead space when an adult is ventilating?
150ml
A 67 year old male complains of mild respiratory distress. He smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a day and
reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds reveal bilateral rhonchi.
What should you suspect?
Chronic bronchitis
EXPLANATION: chronic bronchitis is long term inflammation of the bronchioles. Excessive mucus and pus
production leads to obstructed airways. the consistent cough is the body's response to clear the airway
obstruction
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An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute. which
device should you use to administer oxygen?
Bag-valve mask
EXPLANATION: He is unresponsive and breathing too slow. This is a "sick" patient and assisting his
ventilation should be the first intervention. You can increase his respiratory rate with a bag-valve mask.
diaphoretic
Characterized by profuse sweating.
Nasal cannula delivers about what percentage of oxygen
20-44%
What are the structures that branch off of the trachea into the lower airway?
Bronchi
EXPLANATION: the trachea splits at the carina into the left and right bronchus. The bronchi get smaller
and smaller until it reaches the terminal bronchioles where the alveoli are located.
What is the normal range of breaths per minute for an adult
12-20
A febrile 44 year old male complains of shortness of breath and has dull chest pain. he has been
coughing up "rusty" sputum for the last 3 days. what is the most likely cause?
Pneumonia
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