COE718 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
WCET - ANS Worst-case Execution time
Hard vs soft real-time process - ANS The deadline cannot be missed. where as for soft the
application can tolerate missed deadlines.
Sporadic process - ANS Is one with hard real time applications
2 rules for Hard/soft process Scheduling - ANS 1. All processes should be schedulable using
average execution times and average arrival rates
2. all hard real-time processes should be schedulable using worst-case execeution times and
worst-case arrival rates of all processes
What is a transient over load - ANS A temporary period of time where cpu is not meeting
deadlines cuz it is handling more than normal
Aperiodic Processes - ANS No minimum inter-arrival times so they can arrive when ever . So
for a solution the hard tasks are given higher priority and sproadic servers are used to ensure
hard realt time taks sget resources when they need them but they also give soft tasks a chance
when they have free time
What is optimal for D=T - ANS Rate monotonic scheduling
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What is optimal for D<T - ANS Deadline Monotonic Priority Ordering
Prioirty inversion - ANS When a process is waiting for a lower prioirty process to complete
some required computation
Bounded Priority inversion - ANS Temporary- is not longer than the critical section where the
lower-priority process owns the resource
Unbounded Priority Inversion - ANS the duration of a priority inversion depends not only on
the time required to handle a shared resource, but also on the unpredictable actions of other
unrelated tasks
A third medium prioirty taks preemts the lower prioirty so the important computation never
gets done
Mutex - ANS Mutual exclusive Lock objects are objects who employ the Prioirty inheritance
OCPP - ANS original ceiling prioirty protocol, adjusts prioirty when needed and a taks is being
blocked sor DYNAMICALLY
ICPP - ANS immediate ceiling prioirty protocol. this gives it the highest priority related to the
resource right away
Also called Prioirty Protect Protocol
Real-time Embedded system design invloves - ANS -performance analysis
-scheduling and allocation
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
WCET - ANS Worst-case Execution time
Hard vs soft real-time process - ANS The deadline cannot be missed. where as for soft the
application can tolerate missed deadlines.
Sporadic process - ANS Is one with hard real time applications
2 rules for Hard/soft process Scheduling - ANS 1. All processes should be schedulable using
average execution times and average arrival rates
2. all hard real-time processes should be schedulable using worst-case execeution times and
worst-case arrival rates of all processes
What is a transient over load - ANS A temporary period of time where cpu is not meeting
deadlines cuz it is handling more than normal
Aperiodic Processes - ANS No minimum inter-arrival times so they can arrive when ever . So
for a solution the hard tasks are given higher priority and sproadic servers are used to ensure
hard realt time taks sget resources when they need them but they also give soft tasks a chance
when they have free time
What is optimal for D=T - ANS Rate monotonic scheduling
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What is optimal for D<T - ANS Deadline Monotonic Priority Ordering
Prioirty inversion - ANS When a process is waiting for a lower prioirty process to complete
some required computation
Bounded Priority inversion - ANS Temporary- is not longer than the critical section where the
lower-priority process owns the resource
Unbounded Priority Inversion - ANS the duration of a priority inversion depends not only on
the time required to handle a shared resource, but also on the unpredictable actions of other
unrelated tasks
A third medium prioirty taks preemts the lower prioirty so the important computation never
gets done
Mutex - ANS Mutual exclusive Lock objects are objects who employ the Prioirty inheritance
OCPP - ANS original ceiling prioirty protocol, adjusts prioirty when needed and a taks is being
blocked sor DYNAMICALLY
ICPP - ANS immediate ceiling prioirty protocol. this gives it the highest priority related to the
resource right away
Also called Prioirty Protect Protocol
Real-time Embedded system design invloves - ANS -performance analysis
-scheduling and allocation
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
