BIO 101 NVCC NEWLY UPDATED COLLECTION OF EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS DESIGNED TO GUARANTEE YOUR SUCCESS ON THE
LATEST TEST VERSION
1. Q: What is the basic unit of life? ANSWER The cell
2. Q: What are the two main types of cells? ANSWER Prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
3. Q: Which cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus? ANSWER
Prokaryotic cells
4. Q: What structure controls what enters and exits the cell? ANSWER
The plasma membrane (cell membrane)
5. Q: What is the powerhouse of the cell? ANSWER The mitochondria
6. Q: Where does protein synthesis occur? ANSWER Ribosomes
7. Q: What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? ANSWER
Chloroplasts
8. Q: What structure provides rigidity to plant cells? ANSWER The
cell wall
9. Q: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? ANSWER
Processing, packaging, and shipping proteins
10.Q: What organelle contains digestive enzymes? ANSWER
Lysosomes
11.Q: What is the fluid inside cells called? ANSWER Cytoplasm
12.Q: What structure contains genetic material in eukaryotic cells?
ANSWER The nucleus
13.Q: What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? ANSWER
Rough ER and smooth ER
14.Q: What gives rough ER its appearance? ANSWER Ribosomes
attached to its surface
15.Q: What is the function of smooth ER? ANSWER Lipid synthesis
and detoxification
,16.Q: What organelle contains the cell's DNA in prokaryotes?
ANSWER The nucleoid region
17.Q: What structure helps cells maintain their shape? ANSWER The
cytoskeleton
18.Q: What are the three components of the cytoskeleton? ANSWER
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
19.Q: What organelle produces ATP? ANSWER Mitochondria
20.Q: What is the function of vacuoles? ANSWER Storage of water,
nutrients, and waste products
21.Q: What are cilia and flagella? ANSWER Structures used for cell
movement
22.Q: What is the phospholipid bilayer? ANSWER The double layer of
phospholipids that makes up cell membranes
23.Q: What does selectively permeable mean? ANSWER Allowing
some substances to pass through while blocking others
24.Q: What are membrane proteins? ANSWER Proteins embedded in
or attached to cell membranes
25.Q: What is the function of peroxisomes? ANSWER Breaking down
fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances
26.Q: What connects adjacent plant cells? ANSWER Plasmodesmata
27.Q: What is the nuclear envelope? ANSWER The double membrane
surrounding the nucleus
28.Q: What are nuclear pores? ANSWER Openings in the nuclear
envelope that allow material to pass in and out
29.Q: What is chromatin? ANSWER DNA and proteins found in the
nucleus
30.Q: What is the nucleolus? ANSWER The structure within the nucleus
where ribosomal RNA is produced
31.Q: What are cristae? ANSWER The folded inner membranes of
mitochondria
32.Q: What is the matrix in mitochondria? ANSWER The fluid-filled
space inside the inner membrane
, 33.Q: What are thylakoids? ANSWER Membrane-bound compartments
in chloroplasts where light reactions occur
34.Q: What are grana? ANSWER Stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts
35.Q: What is the stroma? ANSWER The fluid-filled space surrounding
thylakoids in chloroplasts
36.Q: What are vesicles? ANSWER Small membrane-bound sacs that
transport materials within cells
37.Q: What is exocytosis? ANSWER The process of vesicles fusing with
the cell membrane to release contents outside the cell
38.Q: What is endocytosis? ANSWER The process of taking materials
into the cell by forming vesicles
39.Q: What are the three types of endocytosis? ANSWER Phagocytosis,
pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis
40.Q: What is phagocytosis? ANSWER "Cell eating" - engulfing large
particles
Cell Membrane Transport (Questions 41-60)
41.Q: What is passive transport? ANSWER Movement of substances
across membranes without energy input
42.Q: What is active transport? ANSWER Movement of substances
across membranes requiring energy (ATP)
43.Q: What is diffusion? ANSWER Movement of molecules from high to
low concentration
44.Q: What is osmosis? ANSWER Diffusion of water across a selectively
permeable membrane
45.Q: What is a concentration gradient? ANSWER A difference in
concentration of a substance across a space
46.Q: What is facilitated diffusion? ANSWER Passive transport using
protein channels or carriers
47.Q: What is a hypertonic solution? ANSWER A solution with higher
solute concentration than the cell
48.Q: What is a hypotonic solution? ANSWER A solution with lower
solute concentration than the cell
VERIFIED ANSWERS DESIGNED TO GUARANTEE YOUR SUCCESS ON THE
LATEST TEST VERSION
1. Q: What is the basic unit of life? ANSWER The cell
2. Q: What are the two main types of cells? ANSWER Prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
3. Q: Which cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus? ANSWER
Prokaryotic cells
4. Q: What structure controls what enters and exits the cell? ANSWER
The plasma membrane (cell membrane)
5. Q: What is the powerhouse of the cell? ANSWER The mitochondria
6. Q: Where does protein synthesis occur? ANSWER Ribosomes
7. Q: What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? ANSWER
Chloroplasts
8. Q: What structure provides rigidity to plant cells? ANSWER The
cell wall
9. Q: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? ANSWER
Processing, packaging, and shipping proteins
10.Q: What organelle contains digestive enzymes? ANSWER
Lysosomes
11.Q: What is the fluid inside cells called? ANSWER Cytoplasm
12.Q: What structure contains genetic material in eukaryotic cells?
ANSWER The nucleus
13.Q: What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? ANSWER
Rough ER and smooth ER
14.Q: What gives rough ER its appearance? ANSWER Ribosomes
attached to its surface
15.Q: What is the function of smooth ER? ANSWER Lipid synthesis
and detoxification
,16.Q: What organelle contains the cell's DNA in prokaryotes?
ANSWER The nucleoid region
17.Q: What structure helps cells maintain their shape? ANSWER The
cytoskeleton
18.Q: What are the three components of the cytoskeleton? ANSWER
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
19.Q: What organelle produces ATP? ANSWER Mitochondria
20.Q: What is the function of vacuoles? ANSWER Storage of water,
nutrients, and waste products
21.Q: What are cilia and flagella? ANSWER Structures used for cell
movement
22.Q: What is the phospholipid bilayer? ANSWER The double layer of
phospholipids that makes up cell membranes
23.Q: What does selectively permeable mean? ANSWER Allowing
some substances to pass through while blocking others
24.Q: What are membrane proteins? ANSWER Proteins embedded in
or attached to cell membranes
25.Q: What is the function of peroxisomes? ANSWER Breaking down
fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances
26.Q: What connects adjacent plant cells? ANSWER Plasmodesmata
27.Q: What is the nuclear envelope? ANSWER The double membrane
surrounding the nucleus
28.Q: What are nuclear pores? ANSWER Openings in the nuclear
envelope that allow material to pass in and out
29.Q: What is chromatin? ANSWER DNA and proteins found in the
nucleus
30.Q: What is the nucleolus? ANSWER The structure within the nucleus
where ribosomal RNA is produced
31.Q: What are cristae? ANSWER The folded inner membranes of
mitochondria
32.Q: What is the matrix in mitochondria? ANSWER The fluid-filled
space inside the inner membrane
, 33.Q: What are thylakoids? ANSWER Membrane-bound compartments
in chloroplasts where light reactions occur
34.Q: What are grana? ANSWER Stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts
35.Q: What is the stroma? ANSWER The fluid-filled space surrounding
thylakoids in chloroplasts
36.Q: What are vesicles? ANSWER Small membrane-bound sacs that
transport materials within cells
37.Q: What is exocytosis? ANSWER The process of vesicles fusing with
the cell membrane to release contents outside the cell
38.Q: What is endocytosis? ANSWER The process of taking materials
into the cell by forming vesicles
39.Q: What are the three types of endocytosis? ANSWER Phagocytosis,
pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis
40.Q: What is phagocytosis? ANSWER "Cell eating" - engulfing large
particles
Cell Membrane Transport (Questions 41-60)
41.Q: What is passive transport? ANSWER Movement of substances
across membranes without energy input
42.Q: What is active transport? ANSWER Movement of substances
across membranes requiring energy (ATP)
43.Q: What is diffusion? ANSWER Movement of molecules from high to
low concentration
44.Q: What is osmosis? ANSWER Diffusion of water across a selectively
permeable membrane
45.Q: What is a concentration gradient? ANSWER A difference in
concentration of a substance across a space
46.Q: What is facilitated diffusion? ANSWER Passive transport using
protein channels or carriers
47.Q: What is a hypertonic solution? ANSWER A solution with higher
solute concentration than the cell
48.Q: What is a hypotonic solution? ANSWER A solution with lower
solute concentration than the cell
