GES 116 CERTIFICATION TEST BANK 2026
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Plate tectonics. Answer: Volcanoes are a direct consequence of
plate tectonics and mantle convection.
◍ Mt. Vesuvius. Answer: Erupted violently with pyroclastic flows
that destroyed the Roman city of Pompeii and killed 20,000 people.
◍ Magma chamber. Answer: An open cavity or area of highly
fractured rock that contains a large quantity of magma.
◍ Fissure eruptions. Answer: May display a curtain of fire.
◍ Crater. Answer: A bowl-shaped depression in a volcano that forms
as erupted lava piles up around the vent.
◍ Caldera. Answer: A gigantic volcanic depression much larger than
a crater that forms when a magma chamber empties.
◍ Shield volcanoes. Answer: Broad and slightly dome-shaped,
constructed by lateral flow of low viscosity basaltic lava.
◍ Cinder cones. Answer: The smallest type of volcano, cone-shaped
piles of ejected lapilli-sized fragments.
, ◍ Stratovolcanoes. Answer: Large, cone-shaped volcanoes with steep
slopes made of alternating layers of felsic lava, tephra, and debris.
◍ Effusive eruptions. Answer: Produce a vast outpouring of basaltic
lava that pours away from vents in rivers of lava.
◍ Explosive eruptions. Answer: Have high gas pressures that are
released catastrophically, creating pyroclastic flows.
◍ Strombolian eruption. Answer: Burps of magma at regular
intervals, named after Stromboli volcano in Italy.
◍ Vulcanian eruption. Answer: A moderate-sized explosive eruption.
◍ Plinian eruption. Answer: An enormous explosion of volcanic
material that ejects huge quantities into the atmosphere.
◍ Surtseyan eruption. Answer: The vent erupts in shallow seawater,
creating numerous steam explosions.
◍ Volcanic effects on climate. Answer: After the Pinatubo eruption in
1991, global temperature dropped for around two years.
◍ Lava flows. Answer: Molten rock that flows over the ground.
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Plate tectonics. Answer: Volcanoes are a direct consequence of
plate tectonics and mantle convection.
◍ Mt. Vesuvius. Answer: Erupted violently with pyroclastic flows
that destroyed the Roman city of Pompeii and killed 20,000 people.
◍ Magma chamber. Answer: An open cavity or area of highly
fractured rock that contains a large quantity of magma.
◍ Fissure eruptions. Answer: May display a curtain of fire.
◍ Crater. Answer: A bowl-shaped depression in a volcano that forms
as erupted lava piles up around the vent.
◍ Caldera. Answer: A gigantic volcanic depression much larger than
a crater that forms when a magma chamber empties.
◍ Shield volcanoes. Answer: Broad and slightly dome-shaped,
constructed by lateral flow of low viscosity basaltic lava.
◍ Cinder cones. Answer: The smallest type of volcano, cone-shaped
piles of ejected lapilli-sized fragments.
, ◍ Stratovolcanoes. Answer: Large, cone-shaped volcanoes with steep
slopes made of alternating layers of felsic lava, tephra, and debris.
◍ Effusive eruptions. Answer: Produce a vast outpouring of basaltic
lava that pours away from vents in rivers of lava.
◍ Explosive eruptions. Answer: Have high gas pressures that are
released catastrophically, creating pyroclastic flows.
◍ Strombolian eruption. Answer: Burps of magma at regular
intervals, named after Stromboli volcano in Italy.
◍ Vulcanian eruption. Answer: A moderate-sized explosive eruption.
◍ Plinian eruption. Answer: An enormous explosion of volcanic
material that ejects huge quantities into the atmosphere.
◍ Surtseyan eruption. Answer: The vent erupts in shallow seawater,
creating numerous steam explosions.
◍ Volcanic effects on climate. Answer: After the Pinatubo eruption in
1991, global temperature dropped for around two years.
◍ Lava flows. Answer: Molten rock that flows over the ground.
