IRENE GOLD Boards Part 1 Physiology Exam
Questions and Answers
What 2 ways can blood enter the heart? – ANSWER: →Superior vena cava
→Inferior vena cava
Blood enters the heart via SVC and IVC but there is another exception. What is it? -
ANSWER: Azygous veins
The Azygous vein drains where? - ANSWER: SVC
What part of the heart is this?
→ P-wave starts at sinoatrial node in crista terminalis
→ impulse travels to AV node - ANSWER: Right Atrium
What happens when there is a SA node impulse to AV node and delayed (P-R)
interval? - ANSWER: AV Nodal Delay
What part of the heart is this?
→end of diastole 120ml
→tricuspid valve closes S-1
→heart sound: isovolumetric contraction - ANSWER: Right ventricle
Name this EKG:
→ QRS complex (ventricular contract) - ANSWER: Ventricular depolarization
What part of the heart is this?
→ mid-systole (halfway through)= enough pressure to blow open pulmonic
semilunar valves - ANSWER: pulmonary artery
What part of the heart is this?
→ blood exits via 2 pulmonary arteries to lungs - ANSWER: pulmonary artery
What carries DE-O2 blood? - ANSWER: pulmonary artery
What carries DE-O2 blood? - ANSWER: umbilical artery
Ventricular filling is ____% passive and ____% active - ANSWER: 80% passive
20% active from atrial contraction
SA node impulse to AV node is shown as what on an ECG? - ANSWER: P-R interval
,At the end of diastole the right ventricle contains _______ amount of blood - 150ml
S1 =
S2 = - →AV Valves - S1
→Semilunar - ANSWER: S2
QRS = - ANSWER: Ventricular depolarization + consequent contraction
Isovolumetric contraction begins at ____ and ends as semilunar valves open -
ANSWER: S1
Isovolumetric Relaxation begins at ____ and ends as the AV valves open - ANSWER: S2
The highest concentration of blood O2 is found in the - ANSWER: Cardiac system
Pulmonary vein and umbilical vein in fetus are the only veins that carry - ANSWER:
Oxygenated blood
Pulmonary artery and umbilical artery in fetus are the only arteries that - ANSWER:
carry
Deoxygenated blood
START PAGE 2: ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
P-wave= - atrial depolarization - atrium contracts
P-R Interval - AV nodal delay
On an ECG isovolumetric contraction is represented by - ANSWER: R
The AV node sends its impulse through the _______ into _______ - ANSWER: →Bundle of
His
→Purkinje Fibers
The right Bundle of His is aka - ANSWER: Moderator Band
How much faster is the Purkinje system than the Av node?
What accounts for this speed increase? - ANSWER: →150x faster
→Faster because increased number of intercalated discs and gap junctions
The first downward or negative projection that is normal on an ECG is the ____ second
negative projection is - →Q-wave - ANSWER: 1st
→S-wave - ANSWER: 2nd
, On an ECG what hides atrial re-polarization? - ANSWER: QRS complex
What prevents the AV valves from blowing backward during ventricular contraction?
- ANSWER: →Cordae Tendinea
→Papillary Muscles
Ventricular re-polarization is represented by what on an ECG? - ANSWER: T-wave
Isovolumetric relaxation is represented by what on an ECG? - ANSWER: S-T segment
What does a U-wave represent on an ECG? - ANSWER: Papillary muscle re-
polarization
A Myocardial infarction will be visualized as what on an ECG? (2 possibilities) -
ANSWER: Inverted T wave
Altered S-T segment
Heart tetany is prevented by what? - ANSWER: →Slow calcium channels that create a
long absolute refractory period
→Aka "plateaus"
Heart auto- rhythmicity is due to what? - ANSWER: The hearts own leaky sodium
channels
Frequency of impulse:
SA - SA - ANSWER: 80-100
Frequency of impulse:
AV - AV - ANSWER: 40-60
Frequency of impulse:
Heart Tissue Itself - Tissue - ANSWER: 20-30
First and second degree heart blocks are visualized as what on an ECG? - ANSWER:
→1st - long PR interval
→2nd - ANSWER: non conducting P wave (2 P waves in a row)
Winkeboch Phenomena
→Complete block totally irregular
S3
S4 - →S3 = ventricular gallup (CHF)
Questions and Answers
What 2 ways can blood enter the heart? – ANSWER: →Superior vena cava
→Inferior vena cava
Blood enters the heart via SVC and IVC but there is another exception. What is it? -
ANSWER: Azygous veins
The Azygous vein drains where? - ANSWER: SVC
What part of the heart is this?
→ P-wave starts at sinoatrial node in crista terminalis
→ impulse travels to AV node - ANSWER: Right Atrium
What happens when there is a SA node impulse to AV node and delayed (P-R)
interval? - ANSWER: AV Nodal Delay
What part of the heart is this?
→end of diastole 120ml
→tricuspid valve closes S-1
→heart sound: isovolumetric contraction - ANSWER: Right ventricle
Name this EKG:
→ QRS complex (ventricular contract) - ANSWER: Ventricular depolarization
What part of the heart is this?
→ mid-systole (halfway through)= enough pressure to blow open pulmonic
semilunar valves - ANSWER: pulmonary artery
What part of the heart is this?
→ blood exits via 2 pulmonary arteries to lungs - ANSWER: pulmonary artery
What carries DE-O2 blood? - ANSWER: pulmonary artery
What carries DE-O2 blood? - ANSWER: umbilical artery
Ventricular filling is ____% passive and ____% active - ANSWER: 80% passive
20% active from atrial contraction
SA node impulse to AV node is shown as what on an ECG? - ANSWER: P-R interval
,At the end of diastole the right ventricle contains _______ amount of blood - 150ml
S1 =
S2 = - →AV Valves - S1
→Semilunar - ANSWER: S2
QRS = - ANSWER: Ventricular depolarization + consequent contraction
Isovolumetric contraction begins at ____ and ends as semilunar valves open -
ANSWER: S1
Isovolumetric Relaxation begins at ____ and ends as the AV valves open - ANSWER: S2
The highest concentration of blood O2 is found in the - ANSWER: Cardiac system
Pulmonary vein and umbilical vein in fetus are the only veins that carry - ANSWER:
Oxygenated blood
Pulmonary artery and umbilical artery in fetus are the only arteries that - ANSWER:
carry
Deoxygenated blood
START PAGE 2: ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
P-wave= - atrial depolarization - atrium contracts
P-R Interval - AV nodal delay
On an ECG isovolumetric contraction is represented by - ANSWER: R
The AV node sends its impulse through the _______ into _______ - ANSWER: →Bundle of
His
→Purkinje Fibers
The right Bundle of His is aka - ANSWER: Moderator Band
How much faster is the Purkinje system than the Av node?
What accounts for this speed increase? - ANSWER: →150x faster
→Faster because increased number of intercalated discs and gap junctions
The first downward or negative projection that is normal on an ECG is the ____ second
negative projection is - →Q-wave - ANSWER: 1st
→S-wave - ANSWER: 2nd
, On an ECG what hides atrial re-polarization? - ANSWER: QRS complex
What prevents the AV valves from blowing backward during ventricular contraction?
- ANSWER: →Cordae Tendinea
→Papillary Muscles
Ventricular re-polarization is represented by what on an ECG? - ANSWER: T-wave
Isovolumetric relaxation is represented by what on an ECG? - ANSWER: S-T segment
What does a U-wave represent on an ECG? - ANSWER: Papillary muscle re-
polarization
A Myocardial infarction will be visualized as what on an ECG? (2 possibilities) -
ANSWER: Inverted T wave
Altered S-T segment
Heart tetany is prevented by what? - ANSWER: →Slow calcium channels that create a
long absolute refractory period
→Aka "plateaus"
Heart auto- rhythmicity is due to what? - ANSWER: The hearts own leaky sodium
channels
Frequency of impulse:
SA - SA - ANSWER: 80-100
Frequency of impulse:
AV - AV - ANSWER: 40-60
Frequency of impulse:
Heart Tissue Itself - Tissue - ANSWER: 20-30
First and second degree heart blocks are visualized as what on an ECG? - ANSWER:
→1st - long PR interval
→2nd - ANSWER: non conducting P wave (2 P waves in a row)
Winkeboch Phenomena
→Complete block totally irregular
S3
S4 - →S3 = ventricular gallup (CHF)
