,1. Whyare a broad perspective and aninterdisciplinaryapproach required for
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understandingthe brain? Choose thecorrect option. j, j, j, j, j, j,
A) Understandingthe brain is a focused area in natural science withthe brain serving j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
as the common point of focus. j, j, j, j, j,
B) Understandingthe brain requires knowledge about manythings, from the structure j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j,
of the watermolecule to theelectrical andchemical properties of the brain.
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Understandingthe brain requires the studyof the different species of the brain. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) Understandingthe brain requiresthe analysisof one approach at a timeto yield a new ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j,
synthesis. j,
2. Galen's studyof sheep brains was the basis for a theoryof brain function that prevailed for
j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j,
almost 1500 years. Which of the followingrepresents this view? Choose the correct
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
option.
A) The heart as the center of intellect and the brain as thecooling system
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
B) Localization of brain function in the cerebrum and cerebellum j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Mind–brain duality j,
D) Parcelingthe cerebrum into lobes j, j, j, j,
3. What is―mind–brain problem‖?Choose the correct option.
j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
A) Individually, human mental capacities exist in the mind that is outsidethe brain. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
B) The mindis the same as the brain. j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Bothanimals and people possessintellectand a God-given soul. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) The pineal gland is a spiritual entity. j, j, j, j, j, j,
4. What notion was displaced bythe concept of nerves beingdescribed as wires? Choose
j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
the correct option.
j, j,
A) Nervesare channels that communicate with the brain bythe movement of fluids. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j,
B) Muscles can be twitched when nerves arestimulated electricallyand the brain itself j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j,
maygenerate electricity. j, j,
C) Signals to the muscles causingmovement use the same wires as those that register j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
sensations from the skin. j, j, j,
D) Nerves conduct electrical signals to and from the brain. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
5. The combined work of Bell and Magendierevealed a fundamental factabout the spinal
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
nerves.Choose the correct option. j, j, j, j,
A) Spinal nerves are myelinated. j, j, j,
B) Spinal nervesare bundlesof sensoryand motor nerves, and in each sensoryand motor j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j,
nerve fiber, transmission is strictly one-way.
j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Spinal nerves are not hollow tubescarryingfluid. j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) Both humans and animals have spinal nerves. j, j, j, j, j, j,
Page 1 j ,
,6. For what purpose did FranzJoseph Gall studythe dimensions of the human head?
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j,
Choose the correct option.
j, j, j,
A) To understand the propensityfor certain personalitytraits
j, j, j, ,j j, j, ,j
B) To demonstrate equal participation of all regions of the brain in all cerebral
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
functions
C) To show that nerves conduct electrical signals to and from the brain
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) To showthat unique human mental capabilities exist outside the brain
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
7. On what basis did Broca defend functional localization ofthe brain?Choose the correct
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j,
option.
A) Byestablishinga relationship betweenthe production of speech and the right
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
frontal lobe j,
B) Byestablishinga relationship betweenthe production of speech and the occipital
,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
lobe
C) Byestablishinga relationship betweenthe production of speech and the left frontal
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
lobe
D) Byestablishinga relationship betweenthe production of speech and the cerebellum
,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
8. To whom can we attribute the theorythat behavior is amongthe heritable traits that can
j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
develop?Choose the correct option. j, j, j, j,
A) Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens j,
B) Charles Darwin j,
C) Gustav Fritsch and Edward Hitzig j, j, j, j,
D) FranzJoseph Gall ,j j,
9. Which of the followingis a correct explanation of a disorder that affects the nervous
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
system?Choose the correct option. ,j j, j, j,
A) Cerebral palsyis a motor disorder causedbydamage to the cerebrum before, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j,
during, or soon after birth. j, j, j, j,
B) Epilepsyis a progressive disease that affects nerve conduction,characterized by ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
episodesof weakness, lack of coordination, and speech disturbance. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Stroke involves a loss of feelingand movement caused bytraumatic damage to the
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j,
spinal cord. j,
D) Alzheimer'sdisease isa severe psychotic illnesscharacterized bydelusions, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j
hallucinations, and bizarre behavior. j, j, j,
Page 2 j ,
, 10. A neuroscientist is investigating how different neural circuits in the brain analyze sensory
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
information, form perceptions of the external world, make decisions, and execute
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
movements. At what level of analysisisthisresearch conducted?Choose the
j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j ,j ,j j, ,j j,
correct option. j,
A) Molecular neuroscience level j, j,
B) Cellular neuroscience level j, j,
C) Systemsneuroscience level j, j,
D) Cognitive neuroscience level j, j,
11. What is the rationale behindthe use ofanimal models to understand the human brain?
j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
Choose the correct option. j, j, j,
A) Animal brains are identical to human brains but onlysmaller in size. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j,
B) Brain mechanisms that motivate anyreaction are identical in animal and human
j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j,
brains.
C) The nervous systems of different species of animals and humans share many
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
common mechanisms. j,
D) Animal brains are easierto obtain than human brains. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
12. Howdo neuroscientistsidentifythe partsof the brainthatare specialized for different
j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, ,j ,j j, j, j,
behavioral functions related to the niche a species normally occupies? Choose the
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
correct option. j,
A) Bystudyingthe similarities in response pattern to fear in different species
,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
B) Bystudying neurons one at a time j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Bycomparingthe specializations of the brains of different species
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) Bysystematicallydestroying each part of the brain and studying its implication
j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
13. At which level of analysis do neuroscientists studythe different types of neurons and
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j,
their functions? Choose the correct option.
j, j, j, j, j,
A) Cellular neuroscience j,
B) Cognitiveneuroscience j,
C) Molecular neuroscience j,
D) Behavioralneuroscience j,
14. What isthe difference between replicationand verification?Choose the correct option.
j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j,
A) Replicationtests a hypothesis, whereas verification rechecks the hypothesis. ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
B) Replicationcan onlybe done once, whereas verificationcan be done manytimes. j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j
C) Replication is repeating the experiment in other subjects to rule out the possibility of j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
chance. In verification, theexperiment isrepeatedand the same observationsare
j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j ,j j, j, j, ,j
obtained byanyscientist followingthe same protocol as the original observer. j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) Replicationand verification are not essentiallydifferent. ,j j, j, j, j, ,j
Page 3 j ,
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j,
understandingthe brain? Choose thecorrect option. j, j, j, j, j, j,
A) Understandingthe brain is a focused area in natural science withthe brain serving j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
as the common point of focus. j, j, j, j, j,
B) Understandingthe brain requires knowledge about manythings, from the structure j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j,
of the watermolecule to theelectrical andchemical properties of the brain.
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Understandingthe brain requires the studyof the different species of the brain. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) Understandingthe brain requiresthe analysisof one approach at a timeto yield a new ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j,
synthesis. j,
2. Galen's studyof sheep brains was the basis for a theoryof brain function that prevailed for
j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j,
almost 1500 years. Which of the followingrepresents this view? Choose the correct
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
option.
A) The heart as the center of intellect and the brain as thecooling system
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
B) Localization of brain function in the cerebrum and cerebellum j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Mind–brain duality j,
D) Parcelingthe cerebrum into lobes j, j, j, j,
3. What is―mind–brain problem‖?Choose the correct option.
j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
A) Individually, human mental capacities exist in the mind that is outsidethe brain. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
B) The mindis the same as the brain. j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Bothanimals and people possessintellectand a God-given soul. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) The pineal gland is a spiritual entity. j, j, j, j, j, j,
4. What notion was displaced bythe concept of nerves beingdescribed as wires? Choose
j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
the correct option.
j, j,
A) Nervesare channels that communicate with the brain bythe movement of fluids. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j,
B) Muscles can be twitched when nerves arestimulated electricallyand the brain itself j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j,
maygenerate electricity. j, j,
C) Signals to the muscles causingmovement use the same wires as those that register j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
sensations from the skin. j, j, j,
D) Nerves conduct electrical signals to and from the brain. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
5. The combined work of Bell and Magendierevealed a fundamental factabout the spinal
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
nerves.Choose the correct option. j, j, j, j,
A) Spinal nerves are myelinated. j, j, j,
B) Spinal nervesare bundlesof sensoryand motor nerves, and in each sensoryand motor j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j,
nerve fiber, transmission is strictly one-way.
j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Spinal nerves are not hollow tubescarryingfluid. j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) Both humans and animals have spinal nerves. j, j, j, j, j, j,
Page 1 j ,
,6. For what purpose did FranzJoseph Gall studythe dimensions of the human head?
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j,
Choose the correct option.
j, j, j,
A) To understand the propensityfor certain personalitytraits
j, j, j, ,j j, j, ,j
B) To demonstrate equal participation of all regions of the brain in all cerebral
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
functions
C) To show that nerves conduct electrical signals to and from the brain
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) To showthat unique human mental capabilities exist outside the brain
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
7. On what basis did Broca defend functional localization ofthe brain?Choose the correct
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j,
option.
A) Byestablishinga relationship betweenthe production of speech and the right
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
frontal lobe j,
B) Byestablishinga relationship betweenthe production of speech and the occipital
,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
lobe
C) Byestablishinga relationship betweenthe production of speech and the left frontal
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
lobe
D) Byestablishinga relationship betweenthe production of speech and the cerebellum
,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
8. To whom can we attribute the theorythat behavior is amongthe heritable traits that can
j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
develop?Choose the correct option. j, j, j, j,
A) Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens j,
B) Charles Darwin j,
C) Gustav Fritsch and Edward Hitzig j, j, j, j,
D) FranzJoseph Gall ,j j,
9. Which of the followingis a correct explanation of a disorder that affects the nervous
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
system?Choose the correct option. ,j j, j, j,
A) Cerebral palsyis a motor disorder causedbydamage to the cerebrum before, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j,
during, or soon after birth. j, j, j, j,
B) Epilepsyis a progressive disease that affects nerve conduction,characterized by ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
episodesof weakness, lack of coordination, and speech disturbance. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Stroke involves a loss of feelingand movement caused bytraumatic damage to the
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j,
spinal cord. j,
D) Alzheimer'sdisease isa severe psychotic illnesscharacterized bydelusions, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j
hallucinations, and bizarre behavior. j, j, j,
Page 2 j ,
, 10. A neuroscientist is investigating how different neural circuits in the brain analyze sensory
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
information, form perceptions of the external world, make decisions, and execute
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
movements. At what level of analysisisthisresearch conducted?Choose the
j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j ,j ,j j, ,j j,
correct option. j,
A) Molecular neuroscience level j, j,
B) Cellular neuroscience level j, j,
C) Systemsneuroscience level j, j,
D) Cognitive neuroscience level j, j,
11. What is the rationale behindthe use ofanimal models to understand the human brain?
j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
Choose the correct option. j, j, j,
A) Animal brains are identical to human brains but onlysmaller in size. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j,
B) Brain mechanisms that motivate anyreaction are identical in animal and human
j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j,
brains.
C) The nervous systems of different species of animals and humans share many
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
common mechanisms. j,
D) Animal brains are easierto obtain than human brains. j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
12. Howdo neuroscientistsidentifythe partsof the brainthatare specialized for different
j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, ,j ,j j, j, j,
behavioral functions related to the niche a species normally occupies? Choose the
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
correct option. j,
A) Bystudyingthe similarities in response pattern to fear in different species
,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
B) Bystudying neurons one at a time j, j, j, j, j, j,
C) Bycomparingthe specializations of the brains of different species
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) Bysystematicallydestroying each part of the brain and studying its implication
j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
13. At which level of analysis do neuroscientists studythe different types of neurons and
j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j,
their functions? Choose the correct option.
j, j, j, j, j,
A) Cellular neuroscience j,
B) Cognitiveneuroscience j,
C) Molecular neuroscience j,
D) Behavioralneuroscience j,
14. What isthe difference between replicationand verification?Choose the correct option.
j, j, j, j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j,
A) Replicationtests a hypothesis, whereas verification rechecks the hypothesis. ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
B) Replicationcan onlybe done once, whereas verificationcan be done manytimes. j, j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j
C) Replication is repeating the experiment in other subjects to rule out the possibility of j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
chance. In verification, theexperiment isrepeatedand the same observationsare
j, j, j, j, j, j, ,j ,j j, j, j, ,j
obtained byanyscientist followingthe same protocol as the original observer. j, ,j j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j,
D) Replicationand verification are not essentiallydifferent. ,j j, j, j, j, ,j
Page 3 j ,
