NR 507 FINAL EXAM PREPARATION TEST
ACCURATELY SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH
CLEAR REASONING
Dermatomes ANSWER >> area of the skin that is mainly supplied by branches of a
single spinal sensory nerve root. These spinal sensory nerves enter the nerve root at
the spinal cord, and their branches reach to the periphery of the body.
Substance release at the synapse ANSWER >> Acetylcholine- Excitatory or inhibitory-
alzheimers
Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory- sleep/wake cycle, SYNS transmission
Dopa- Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory (H3 receptors). parkinson disease
Spondylolysis ANSWER >> structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or developmental
defect) in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch (the joining of the vertebral body
to the posterior structures). The lumbar spine at L5 is affected most often.
,-Heredity
-Other congenital spinal defects
motor and sensory areas of the brain ANSWER >> Parietal lobe- major area for somatic
sensory input, located along the postcentral gyrus. which is adjacent to the primary
motor area in the precentral gyrus.
Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)- located along the precentral gyrus forming the
primary voluntary motor area (homunculus) (little man).
Association fibers provide communication between sensory and motor
Ischemic penumbra ANSWER >> ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable) tissue. Peri-
infarct tissue.
-no structural damage
Cerebral infarction ANSWER >> ischemic- white infarct (affected area is pale and soft
6-12 hours after). necrosis appears by 48 to 72 hours.
Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of necrotic tissue. necrosis resolves
around the 2nd week. glial scarring.
, excitotoxins ANSWER >> Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate glutamate
release and cause neuron suicide.
Agnosia ANSWER >> the inability to recognize familiar objects.
-tactile/spatial-parietal lobe
-Gerstmann syndrome (loss of spatial orientation of fingers, body, sides and #s)- L
angular gyrus (Parieral)
-Object- Temporo-occipital area
-Associated with CVAs
Subarachnoid hemorrhage ANSWER >> Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where
the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
-ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma
-IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces inflammation, blood coats nerve roots,
impairs CSF circulation
-compensatory increase in SBP
Meningitis ANSWER >> Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus bacteria are
most common
ACCURATELY SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH
CLEAR REASONING
Dermatomes ANSWER >> area of the skin that is mainly supplied by branches of a
single spinal sensory nerve root. These spinal sensory nerves enter the nerve root at
the spinal cord, and their branches reach to the periphery of the body.
Substance release at the synapse ANSWER >> Acetylcholine- Excitatory or inhibitory-
alzheimers
Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory- sleep/wake cycle, SYNS transmission
Dopa- Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory (H3 receptors). parkinson disease
Spondylolysis ANSWER >> structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or developmental
defect) in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch (the joining of the vertebral body
to the posterior structures). The lumbar spine at L5 is affected most often.
,-Heredity
-Other congenital spinal defects
motor and sensory areas of the brain ANSWER >> Parietal lobe- major area for somatic
sensory input, located along the postcentral gyrus. which is adjacent to the primary
motor area in the precentral gyrus.
Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)- located along the precentral gyrus forming the
primary voluntary motor area (homunculus) (little man).
Association fibers provide communication between sensory and motor
Ischemic penumbra ANSWER >> ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable) tissue. Peri-
infarct tissue.
-no structural damage
Cerebral infarction ANSWER >> ischemic- white infarct (affected area is pale and soft
6-12 hours after). necrosis appears by 48 to 72 hours.
Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of necrotic tissue. necrosis resolves
around the 2nd week. glial scarring.
, excitotoxins ANSWER >> Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate glutamate
release and cause neuron suicide.
Agnosia ANSWER >> the inability to recognize familiar objects.
-tactile/spatial-parietal lobe
-Gerstmann syndrome (loss of spatial orientation of fingers, body, sides and #s)- L
angular gyrus (Parieral)
-Object- Temporo-occipital area
-Associated with CVAs
Subarachnoid hemorrhage ANSWER >> Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where
the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
-ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma
-IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces inflammation, blood coats nerve roots,
impairs CSF circulation
-compensatory increase in SBP
Meningitis ANSWER >> Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus bacteria are
most common
