Psychology Exam I Chapter 1,2,3,4 Questions And Verified Answers With Complete Solutions Graded A+.

Science of human behavior and mental processes - correct answers Psychology Mental disorders and therapy Focused solely on diagnosing and treating mental problems - correct answers Psychology is NOT What does psychology cover and what is it based on? - correct answers internal mental processes and external observable behaviors Objective, verifiable, scientific evidence Psychology vs Psychiatry - correct answers Broad field of study Medical Speciality Holds a Ph. D Holds an MD Training emphasizes Training in treatment of research methods mental& behavioral prob. Advanced study in Licensed to prescribe meds specialization Pseudo-Psychology - correct answers Assertions or practices set forth as being scientific psychology horoscopes, handwriting analysis, fortune telling, subliminal messages Not based on evidence Six Main Perspectives of psychology - correct answers biological , cognitive, behavioral, whole-person, developmental and sociocultural perspectives Biological - correct answers brain, nervous system, endocrine system and genes Neuroscience& Evolutionary Psychology Cognitive - correct answers information-processing system persons unique pattern of perception, interpretations, expectations, beliefs and memories (Biological and Cognitive together) Behavioral - correct answers response to surrounding according to principles of behavioral learning Stimuli in our environment and the previous consequences of our behaviors Whole-Person - correct answers Psychodynamic- processes in our unconscious minds Humanistic- our innate needs to grow and fulfill our bes possible potential Trait and Temperament: unique personality characteristics that are consistent over time and across situations Developmental - correct answers Interaction of heredity and environment which unfolds in predictable patterns throughout the lifespan Sociocultural - correct answers social and cultural influences can overpower the influence of all other determining factors Evolutionary Psychology - correct answers Natural selection, survival of the fittest, the effect of genetics and environment (nature and nurture) use the scientific method to test their ideas empirically (evidence finding for the first time) - correct answers how psychologist develop new knowledge Scientific Method - correct answers four step process for empirical investigation Empirical investigation - correct answers approach to research that relies on sensory experience and observation as research data Theory - correct answers testable explanation for a set of facts or observations statement predicting the outcome of a scientific study, the relationship among variables - correct answers hypothesis exact procedures used in est. experimental conditions and measurements of results - correct answers operations definitions pieces of info gathered by a researcher to be used to test a hypothesis - correct answers data based on statistical analyses of results, the hypothesis is accepted or rejected - correct answers analyzing the results Completed study is present to the scientific community - correct answers publishing questions about.....can not be answered by the scientific method and cannot be put to an objective, empirical test - correct answers ethics moraltity preferences aesthetics existential issues religion law five types of psychological research - correct answers experiments, correlational studies, surverys, naturalistic observations ,case studies researcher controls all conditions and direction manipulates the conditions - correct answers experiments experimental conditions independent variables dependent variables control condition - correct answers subj. exposed to the intervention; experimenter has variables the one manipulated (new drug given to pt) the outcome (how pt feels) standard (not manipulated by which the experiential ground can be compared relationship between variables is studied, but without experimental manipulation of an independent variable; cause and effect relationships cannot be determined - correct answers Correlational Study Types of Correlation - correct answers positive; both in the same way negative; different directions zero; no relationship Technique used in descriptive research typically involves seeking peoples responses to a prepared set of verbal or written items - correct answers Surverys form of descriptive research involving behavior assessment of people or animals in their surrounding - correct answers Naturalistic observations childbearing practices shopping habits animal behavior Research involving a single individual (or at most a few individuals) - correct answers case studies small sample size lack of control limited generalizabilitly studies the interaction of biology behavior and mental processes - correct answers biopsychology interdisciplinary field that focuses on how the brain produces mental processes and behavior psychologist, biologists, computer scientists, chemists, neurologists, linguists - correct answers neuroscience how are genes and behavior linked - correct answers evolution has fundamentally shaped psychological processes because it favors genetic variations that produce adaptive behavior individuals best adapted to the environment are more likely to flourish and reproduce - correct answers natural selection (Darwin) organisms genetic make up - correct answers genotype organisms observable physical characteristics - correct answers phenotype complete set of genetic information contained within a cell - correct answers genome long, complex molecule that encodes genetic characteristics - correct answers DNA functional units of a chromosome composed of nucleotides - correct answers genes tightly coiled threadlike structures along which the genes are organized - correct answers chromosomes genetic explanations for psychological processes - correct answers intelligence, personality, mental disorders, sexual orientation, reading and language abilities influence of mult. genes on psychological processes never attribute psychological characters to genetics alone how does the body communicate internally - correct answers nervous system and endocrine system uses chemical processes to communicate with targets throughout the body nervous system neurons - correct answers network of neurons that extend through the body cell specialized to receive and transmit info to other nerve cells in the body endocrine system hormones - correct answers group of glands that operate together and in parallel with nervous system sensory, motor, interneurons - correct answers carry messages from sense receptors towards the CNS carry messages form CNS towards muscles and glands carry messages between nerve cells neurotransmitters - correct answers chemical messengers that relate neural messages across the synapse ability of the nervous system to adapt or change - correct answers plasticity provide structural support for neurons, help in forming new synapses, form myelin sheath - correct answers Glial cells Pituitary Gland (Endocrine) - correct answers master gland that regulates the endocrine glands, regulates many basic functions of the body, controlled by the hypothalamus how does the brain produce behavior and mental processes? - correct answers composed of many specialized modules that work together to create mind and behavior device for recording brain waves, typically by electrodes placed on the scalp - correct answers EEG patterns of electrical activity generated by the brain - correct answers brain waves Computerized brain scans - correct answers CT scanning PET scanning