Page 1 of 268
MSRA EXAM LATEST VERSION WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS JUST
RELEASED THIS YEAR
Achalasia
Main Symptoms: Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), regurgitation, and chest pain.
Achalasia - First-Line Investigation
Barium swallow (shows 'bird beak' appearance).
Achalasia - Gold Standard Investigation
High-resolution manometry.
Achalasia - First-Line Management
Pneumatic dilation or laparoscopic Heller myotomy.
Oesophageal Cancer
Main Symptoms: Dysphagia, weight loss, and odynophagia (painful swallowing).
Oesophageal Cancer - First-Line Investigation
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy.
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SUCCESS!
,Page 2 of 268
Oesophageal Cancer - Gold Standard Investigation
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for staging.
Oesophageal Cancer - First-Line Management
Surgical resection (if resectable), chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Main Symptoms: Epigastric pain, bloating, and nausea.
Peptic Ulcer Disease - First-Line Investigation
Urea breath test or stool antigen test for H. pylori infection.
Peptic Ulcer Disease - Gold Standard Investigation
Endoscopy with biopsy (if there are alarm symptoms).
Peptic Ulcer Disease - First-Line Management
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H. pylori eradication therapy (if positive).
Gastric Cancer
Main Symptoms: Abdominal pain, weight loss, and early satiety.
Gastric Cancer - First-Line Investigation
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy.
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SUCCESS!
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Gastric Cancer - Gold Standard Investigation
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for staging.
Gastric Cancer - First-Line Management
Surgical resection (if resectable), chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.
Crohn's Disease
Main Symptoms: Abdominal pain, diarrhoea (often with blood), and weight loss.
Crohn's Disease - First-Line Investigation
Fecal calprotectin test or colonoscopy with biopsy.
Crohn's Disease - Gold Standard Investigation
Colonoscopy with biopsy (to assess for transmural inflammation and granulomas).
Crohn's Disease - First-Line Management
Corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy for moderate to severe disease; aminosalicylates
for mild disease.
Ulcerative Colitis
Main Symptoms: Bloody diarrhoea, abdominal cramping, and urgency.
Ulcerative Colitis - First-Line Investigation
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Fecal calprotectin test or colonoscopy with biopsy.
Ulcerative Colitis - Gold Standard Investigation
Colonoscopy with biopsy (for mucosal inflammation and loss of haustra).
Ulcerative Colitis - First-Line Management
Aminosalicylates for mild disease; corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy for moderate
to severe disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Main Symptoms: Abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, and altered bowel habits (diarrhoea,
constipation, or alternating).
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - First-Line Investigation
Clinical diagnosis based on symptoms (Rome IV criteria).
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Gold Standard Investigation
None required (diagnosis based on exclusion).
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - First-Line Management
Dietary changes (FODMAP diet), fiber supplementation, and antispasmodics for symptom relief.
Colorectal Cancer
4
SUCCESS!
MSRA EXAM LATEST VERSION WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS JUST
RELEASED THIS YEAR
Achalasia
Main Symptoms: Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), regurgitation, and chest pain.
Achalasia - First-Line Investigation
Barium swallow (shows 'bird beak' appearance).
Achalasia - Gold Standard Investigation
High-resolution manometry.
Achalasia - First-Line Management
Pneumatic dilation or laparoscopic Heller myotomy.
Oesophageal Cancer
Main Symptoms: Dysphagia, weight loss, and odynophagia (painful swallowing).
Oesophageal Cancer - First-Line Investigation
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy.
1
SUCCESS!
,Page 2 of 268
Oesophageal Cancer - Gold Standard Investigation
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for staging.
Oesophageal Cancer - First-Line Management
Surgical resection (if resectable), chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Main Symptoms: Epigastric pain, bloating, and nausea.
Peptic Ulcer Disease - First-Line Investigation
Urea breath test or stool antigen test for H. pylori infection.
Peptic Ulcer Disease - Gold Standard Investigation
Endoscopy with biopsy (if there are alarm symptoms).
Peptic Ulcer Disease - First-Line Management
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H. pylori eradication therapy (if positive).
Gastric Cancer
Main Symptoms: Abdominal pain, weight loss, and early satiety.
Gastric Cancer - First-Line Investigation
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy.
2
SUCCESS!
,Page 3 of 268
Gastric Cancer - Gold Standard Investigation
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for staging.
Gastric Cancer - First-Line Management
Surgical resection (if resectable), chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.
Crohn's Disease
Main Symptoms: Abdominal pain, diarrhoea (often with blood), and weight loss.
Crohn's Disease - First-Line Investigation
Fecal calprotectin test or colonoscopy with biopsy.
Crohn's Disease - Gold Standard Investigation
Colonoscopy with biopsy (to assess for transmural inflammation and granulomas).
Crohn's Disease - First-Line Management
Corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy for moderate to severe disease; aminosalicylates
for mild disease.
Ulcerative Colitis
Main Symptoms: Bloody diarrhoea, abdominal cramping, and urgency.
Ulcerative Colitis - First-Line Investigation
3
SUCCESS!
, Page 4 of 268
Fecal calprotectin test or colonoscopy with biopsy.
Ulcerative Colitis - Gold Standard Investigation
Colonoscopy with biopsy (for mucosal inflammation and loss of haustra).
Ulcerative Colitis - First-Line Management
Aminosalicylates for mild disease; corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy for moderate
to severe disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Main Symptoms: Abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, and altered bowel habits (diarrhoea,
constipation, or alternating).
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - First-Line Investigation
Clinical diagnosis based on symptoms (Rome IV criteria).
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Gold Standard Investigation
None required (diagnosis based on exclusion).
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - First-Line Management
Dietary changes (FODMAP diet), fiber supplementation, and antispasmodics for symptom relief.
Colorectal Cancer
4
SUCCESS!
