CHEMISTRY IGCSE NOTES
. CONTENT .
TOPIC 1
ELEMENTS , ATOMS AND COMPOUNDS
TOPIC 2
IONS AND IONIC BONDS
TOPIC 3
RATES OF REACTION
TOPIC 4
STATES OF MATTER
TOPIC 5
ELECTROLYSIS
TOPIC 6
COVALENT BONDING
, TOPIC 7
PROPERTIES OF METALS
TOPIC 8
PERIODIC TABLE
TOPIC 9
MOLES
*IN THIS BOOKLET NOTES , QUESTIONS (WITH
ANSWERS) AND VIDEO LINKS REGARDING
TOPICS ARE PROVIDED*
, ELEMENTS, ATOMS AND COMPOUNDS .
Atoms - An atom is the basic unit of matter that makes up
everything around us. It consists of a nucleus made of
protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting around the
nucleus.
Example of atoms : Neon (Ne)
: Hydrogen (H)
: Argon (Ar)
: Iron (Fe)
ELEMENTS
Elements : An element is a pure substance made up of
only one type of atom. It cannot be broken down into
simpler substances by chemical means.
,
Examples of elements include hydrogen, oxygen and gold.
COMPOUNDS.
In chemistry, compounds are substances formed when two
or more different elements combine in fixed proportions.
These elements bond together through chemical reactions
and form a new substance with unique properties that are
different from the individual elements.
For example, water (H₂O) is a compound made from
hydrogen and oxygen. The properties of water are
different from the properties of hydrogen and oxygen
gases.
In a broader sense, a compound can also refer to a
combination of different elements or parts to create
something new.
Example of compounds : Water (H₂O)
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Methane (CH₄)
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃)
. CONTENT .
TOPIC 1
ELEMENTS , ATOMS AND COMPOUNDS
TOPIC 2
IONS AND IONIC BONDS
TOPIC 3
RATES OF REACTION
TOPIC 4
STATES OF MATTER
TOPIC 5
ELECTROLYSIS
TOPIC 6
COVALENT BONDING
, TOPIC 7
PROPERTIES OF METALS
TOPIC 8
PERIODIC TABLE
TOPIC 9
MOLES
*IN THIS BOOKLET NOTES , QUESTIONS (WITH
ANSWERS) AND VIDEO LINKS REGARDING
TOPICS ARE PROVIDED*
, ELEMENTS, ATOMS AND COMPOUNDS .
Atoms - An atom is the basic unit of matter that makes up
everything around us. It consists of a nucleus made of
protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting around the
nucleus.
Example of atoms : Neon (Ne)
: Hydrogen (H)
: Argon (Ar)
: Iron (Fe)
ELEMENTS
Elements : An element is a pure substance made up of
only one type of atom. It cannot be broken down into
simpler substances by chemical means.
,
Examples of elements include hydrogen, oxygen and gold.
COMPOUNDS.
In chemistry, compounds are substances formed when two
or more different elements combine in fixed proportions.
These elements bond together through chemical reactions
and form a new substance with unique properties that are
different from the individual elements.
For example, water (H₂O) is a compound made from
hydrogen and oxygen. The properties of water are
different from the properties of hydrogen and oxygen
gases.
In a broader sense, a compound can also refer to a
combination of different elements or parts to create
something new.
Example of compounds : Water (H₂O)
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Methane (CH₄)
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃)
