NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology Exam | Most
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A provider teaches a patient who has been diagnosed with
hypothyroidism about a new prescription for levothyroxine.
Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further
teaching?
a. "I should not take heartburn medication without
consulting my provider first."
b. "I should report insomnia, tremors, and an increased
heart rate to my provider."
c. "If I take a multivitamin with iron, I should take it 4 hours
after the levothyroxine."
d. "If I take calcium supplements, I may need to decrease
my dose of levothyroxine." - Answers-D. Calcium may
reduce levothyroxine absorption. Further education is
needed if the patient feels she can take half of a
prescribed medication.
MC has undiagnosed multiple gastric ulcers. Shortly after
consuming a large meal and alcohol he experiences
significant GI distress. He takes an OTC heartburn
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remedy. Within a minute or two he develops what he will
later describe as "belching, nausea and a bad bloated
feeling". Several of the ulcers began to bleed and he
becomes profoundly hypotensive from the blood loss and
is taken to the ED. Endoscopy confirms multiple bleeds;
the endoscopist remarks that it appears as if the lesions
had been literally stretched apart causing additional tissue
damage. What did the patient most likely take (i.e. what
was the OTC remedy)? - Answers-I would accept Alka-
Selzer. I contains NaHCO3 (as well as ASA). In the
presence of HCL it Liberates CO2, that can cause gastric
distention, belching and nausea. The reaction is fairly swift
allowing little time for dissipation. Tums, its primary
ingredient calcium carbonate which when taken cause a
reaction with the stomach acid such as production of
carbon dioxide gas which can cause bloating and the
stomach to stretch to tear the ulcers open.
On your way to this examination, you experience the
vulnerable feeling that an attack of acute diarrhea is
imminent! If you stop at a drug store, which anti-diarrheal
drugs could you buy without a prescription even though it
is chemically related to the strong opioid analgesic
meperidine (but acts only on the peripheral opioid
receptor)? - Answers-Loperamide
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JA has multiple medical problems and is taking several
drugs including theophylline, warfarin and phenytoin. His
conditions were well controlled, but recently he started to
experience some GI distress for which of his "well
intentioned friends" gave him some medication. He
presents to you with toxic effects of all his other
medications and plasma levels of those medications
elevated. What was most likely the medication he took? -
Answers-Cimetidine
What lifestyle modifications should be recommended? -
Answers--losing weight if overweight
-elevating head of bed while asleep
-eating smaller meals
-avoid foods/meds that exacerbate gerd
-stop smoking
-stop drinking alcohol
What medications / foods can contribute to GERD? -
Answers--Medications: anticholinergics, barbituates,
dopamine, estrogen, opioids, progesterone, theophylline,
nitrates
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-Foods: cirus fruits/juices, coffee, tomatoes, spicy food,
carbonated drinks
Fried/fatty foods, garlic, onions, chocolate
What is the most effective PPI or H2RA within each of
these classes? - Answers--PPI- bismuth quadruple
therapy combined with proton pump inhibitors
-H2RA- Famotidine 80mg
Other products such as antacids are also available. What
are some of these and what is their place in therapy? -
Answers--Reflux symptoms <2 times a week (infrequent)
-Effective for immediate relief
-Magnesium/Aluminum Hydroxide (Maalox)- can cause
constipation
-Alginic Acid
Why would antibiotics be used for PUD caused by H
Pylori? What is a typical regimen and duration of therapy?
What patient specific factors should be considered and
how should treatment be monitored? - Answers-
Considerations before regimen choice:
-penicillin allergy