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EPA reported this much was spent on pesticide use for
industrial/commercial/government sector and this much
was spend for home and garden sector in 2012 - Answers-
1.4 billion; 3.3 billion
Define integrated pest management - Answers-System
that uses all available and suitable pest control tactics to
reduce pest populations to tolerable levels while
minimizing adverse environmental side effects.
Explain how aesthetic thresholds affect IPM tactics -
Answers-Aesthetic thresholds are based on tolerance,
personal comfort, taste, plant appearance, and specific
site conditions.
Nurseries and the like have zero pest tolerance whereas
landscape plantings might have low tolerance.
Healthy lawns have a higher threshold than stressed,
weakened lawns
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Explain how IPM can reduce the use of pesticides -
Answers-Pesticides are not meant to be a solution to all
problems.
IPM provides the most effective solutions in all regards,
which may not always be pesticides.
List the six control strategies used in IPM - Answers-
Cultural
Mechanical
Host resistance
Biological
Regulatory
chemical
Define pesticide - Answers-Any material used to kill,
attract, repel, regulate, or interrupt growth and mating of
pests, or to regulate plant growth
Contact pesticides - Answers-Must physically touch the
pest organism or be sprayed on the site the pest frequents
to exert an action
Example would be protective fungicide
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Must be re-applied to new plant tissues or if precipitation
washes product off
Systemic pesticide - Answers-Enters the plant via roots or
above ground plant tissues and is moved inside of the
plant.
Could render plant toxic to insect or mice
Could move through plant to kill parts of the plant
Example would be curative fungicide because it
penetrates the plant and stops disease
Preemergence - Answers-Applied prior to weed seed
germination.
Little to no effect on weeds that have emerged
Postemergence - Answers-Applied to actively growing
plants.
Work best in sunlight, high humidity, good soil moisture
Selective pesticide - Answers-Control only certain types or
stages of pests while leaving nontarget organisms
unaffected.
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Example would be herbicide that kills broadleaf weeds and
not turfgrass
Nonselective pesticide - Answers-Exert their action on a
wide variety of pests.
Control most of the plants they are sprayed on.
Identify the best application timing for effective pest control
as it pertains to: plant diseases, insects, and weeds -
Answers-Plant diseases
For fungicides, it is critical that susceptible tissues be
protected before an infection begins or at the first
appearance of any symptoms
Insects
The younger the stage of insect, the more susceptible it is
to chemical control.
Weeds
Generally most effective when applied to actively growing
plants and least effective when plants are not actively
growing