NR 576 Study Questions With
Verified Answers
1. What is a differential diagnosis? - ANSWER Using clinical reasoning to
distinguish between similar conditions.
2. What is deductive clinical reasoning strategy? - ANSWER Analyzing and
synthesizing clinical data related to patient's presentation.
3. What is the first step in deductive clinical reasoning strategy? - ANSWER
Starting with general information from chief complaint.
4. What is the next step in deductive clinical reasoning strategy? - ANSWER
Moving to more specific information collected through history of present
illness.
5. How can open-ended questions be used in deductive clinical reasoning
strategy? - ANSWER To gain information utilizing OLDCARTS.
6. What is evidence-based research? - ANSWER Research based on clinical
trials or case studies.
7. What is required for evidence-based research? - ANSWER Evidence of
benefit to the patient.
8. What are guidelines? - ANSWER Practice recommendations issued by
professional organizations.
,9. How should guidelines be developed? - ANSWER Rigorously and
trustworthy.
10.What is the basic structure of the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Gathering initial patient information, organizing and interpreting
information, generating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, planning diagnostic
and treatment strategy.
11.What is the first step in the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Gathering initial patient information (health history and physical).
12.What is the second step in the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Organizing and interpreting information to synthesize the problem.
13.What is the third step in the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Generating hypotheses.
14.What is the fourth step in the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Testing hypotheses until a working diagnosis is selected.
15.What is the final step in the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Planning the diagnostic and treatment strategy.
16.Sensitivity- is the proportion of patients with the disease that have a positive
result - ANSWER it is the number of true positives divided by the total
number of patients who have the disease.
,17.What does the OLD CARTS mnemonic stand for? - ANSWER Onset,
Location, Duration, Character, Alleviating factors, Relieving factors,
Timing, Severity
18.Specificity: proportion of 'test negative' of total without the disease -
ANSWER the number of true negatives over all negatives.
19.What is pretest probability? - ANSWER Probability of the disease before
the test is ordered.
20.What factors are considered in pretest probability? - ANSWER Disease
prevalence, patient's symptoms or clinical context.
21.How is pretest probability evaluated? - ANSWER In terms of low,
intermediate, or high.
22.What is pretest probability based on? - ANSWER Probability of the
suspected disease given the patient's symptoms or clinical context.
23.What is Rubella? - ANSWER A viral infection that occurs in young
children and non-immune young adults.
24.What are the symptoms of Rubella? - ANSWER Low grade fever, malaise,
lymphadenopathy, followed by a brief generalized erythematous
maculopapular rash.
25.How does the rash of Rubella spread? - ANSWER The rash begins on the
face and rapidly spreads to involve the trunk and extremities.
, 26.How long does the rash of Rubella last? - ANSWER The rash lasts for
around 3 days and then resolves.
27.What is Varicella? - ANSWER A viral infection causing itchy blisters and
fever.
28.What are the symptoms of Varicella? - ANSWER Small blisters, fever,
fatigue, pharyngitis, and headache.
29.Where does Varicella rash start? - ANSWER On the chest, back, and face.
30.How long does Varicella rash last? - ANSWER 5-7 days.
31.How does Varicella affect adults? - ANSWER More widespread rash,
longer fever, and higher risk of pneumonia.
32.What is Pityriasis Rosea? - ANSWER A common, self-limiting rash.
33.How does Pityriasis Rosea usually start? - ANSWER With an erythematous
lesion on the trunk.
34.What are the other symptoms of Pityriasis Rosea? - ANSWER Malaise,
nausea, joint pain, fever, sore throat, and/or swollen lymph nodes.
35.What is impetigo? - ANSWER A skin infection characterized by
erythematous plaques with yellow crust.
Verified Answers
1. What is a differential diagnosis? - ANSWER Using clinical reasoning to
distinguish between similar conditions.
2. What is deductive clinical reasoning strategy? - ANSWER Analyzing and
synthesizing clinical data related to patient's presentation.
3. What is the first step in deductive clinical reasoning strategy? - ANSWER
Starting with general information from chief complaint.
4. What is the next step in deductive clinical reasoning strategy? - ANSWER
Moving to more specific information collected through history of present
illness.
5. How can open-ended questions be used in deductive clinical reasoning
strategy? - ANSWER To gain information utilizing OLDCARTS.
6. What is evidence-based research? - ANSWER Research based on clinical
trials or case studies.
7. What is required for evidence-based research? - ANSWER Evidence of
benefit to the patient.
8. What are guidelines? - ANSWER Practice recommendations issued by
professional organizations.
,9. How should guidelines be developed? - ANSWER Rigorously and
trustworthy.
10.What is the basic structure of the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Gathering initial patient information, organizing and interpreting
information, generating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, planning diagnostic
and treatment strategy.
11.What is the first step in the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Gathering initial patient information (health history and physical).
12.What is the second step in the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Organizing and interpreting information to synthesize the problem.
13.What is the third step in the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Generating hypotheses.
14.What is the fourth step in the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Testing hypotheses until a working diagnosis is selected.
15.What is the final step in the clinical reasoning process? - ANSWER
Planning the diagnostic and treatment strategy.
16.Sensitivity- is the proportion of patients with the disease that have a positive
result - ANSWER it is the number of true positives divided by the total
number of patients who have the disease.
,17.What does the OLD CARTS mnemonic stand for? - ANSWER Onset,
Location, Duration, Character, Alleviating factors, Relieving factors,
Timing, Severity
18.Specificity: proportion of 'test negative' of total without the disease -
ANSWER the number of true negatives over all negatives.
19.What is pretest probability? - ANSWER Probability of the disease before
the test is ordered.
20.What factors are considered in pretest probability? - ANSWER Disease
prevalence, patient's symptoms or clinical context.
21.How is pretest probability evaluated? - ANSWER In terms of low,
intermediate, or high.
22.What is pretest probability based on? - ANSWER Probability of the
suspected disease given the patient's symptoms or clinical context.
23.What is Rubella? - ANSWER A viral infection that occurs in young
children and non-immune young adults.
24.What are the symptoms of Rubella? - ANSWER Low grade fever, malaise,
lymphadenopathy, followed by a brief generalized erythematous
maculopapular rash.
25.How does the rash of Rubella spread? - ANSWER The rash begins on the
face and rapidly spreads to involve the trunk and extremities.
, 26.How long does the rash of Rubella last? - ANSWER The rash lasts for
around 3 days and then resolves.
27.What is Varicella? - ANSWER A viral infection causing itchy blisters and
fever.
28.What are the symptoms of Varicella? - ANSWER Small blisters, fever,
fatigue, pharyngitis, and headache.
29.Where does Varicella rash start? - ANSWER On the chest, back, and face.
30.How long does Varicella rash last? - ANSWER 5-7 days.
31.How does Varicella affect adults? - ANSWER More widespread rash,
longer fever, and higher risk of pneumonia.
32.What is Pityriasis Rosea? - ANSWER A common, self-limiting rash.
33.How does Pityriasis Rosea usually start? - ANSWER With an erythematous
lesion on the trunk.
34.What are the other symptoms of Pityriasis Rosea? - ANSWER Malaise,
nausea, joint pain, fever, sore throat, and/or swollen lymph nodes.
35.What is impetigo? - ANSWER A skin infection characterized by
erythematous plaques with yellow crust.
